Effect of calcium and silicon on growth of and nutrient uptake by wheat exposed to simulated acid rain

Abstract

Abstract: Pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of calcium carbonate and sodium silicate on the acidification of red soil, and on the growth of and nutrient uptake by wheat (Tritum aestivum cv. Yangmai No.5) exposed to simulated acid rain. The result indicated that the deposition of simulated pH 3.0 acid rain onto the foliage of wheat decreased soil pHto some degree, which had no inhibitory, but promotion effect on wheat growth, due to its contained N, S, and Kelements. Applying calcium carbonate and sodium silicate to the soil before exposure, inhibited soil acidification and aluminum activation. However, the application rate of carbonate should be no more than 2.0g·kg^-1, otherwise, it would considerably decrease the bio availability of soil phosphorus, and inhibited plant growth. In contrast, adding silicate significantly increased soil available phosphorus content, and enhanced the uptake of phosphorus as well as nitrogen and potassium by wheat. Additionally, the Si fed wheat plants were found to be more resistant to wheat aphid.

Key words: Aluminum toxicity, Calcium, Silicon, Simulated acid rain, Wheat, flowering stage, drought stress, carbon metabolism., α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), soybean

Liang Yongchao, Shen Qirong, Zhang Aiguo, Shen Zhenguo . Effect of calcium and silicon on growth of and nutrient uptake by wheat exposed to simulated acid rain[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1999, 10(5): 589-592.

References

1 刘燕云、曹洪法、舒俭民等.1991. 酸雨和SO₂对蔬菜生长和产量的影响. 环境科学学报, 11(3):327～334.

2 周青、黄晓华、王冬燕等.1997. 钙对酸雨胁迫下甜瓜幼苗质膜透性的影响. 环境科学,18(3):60～61.

3 青长乐. 1988. 酸沉降物对土壤肥力的影响研究. 西南农业大学学报,10(1):1～11.

4 曹洪法、舒俭民、刘燕云等.1991. 酸雨对两广地区农作物经济损失的研究. 环境科学研究,4(2):1～6.

5 Epstein,E.1994.The anomaly of silicon in plant biology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:11～17.

6 Fisher,A.R.1929. A preliminary note on the effect of sodium silicate in increasing the yield of barley. J. Agri. Sci., 19:132～139.

7 Galvez,L., Clark,R.B, Gourley,L.M. et al. 1987. Silicon interactions with manganese and aluminium toxicity in sorghum. J. Plant Nutr. 10:1139～1147.

8 Hall,A.D.and Morison,C.G.T. 1906. On the function of silica in the nutrition of cereals. Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 77:455～477.

9 Hodson,M.J. and Evans,D.E. 1995. Aluminium/silicon interactions in higher plants. J. Exp. Bot. 46:161～171.

10 Johnson,A.H. and Siccama,T.G. 1983. Acid deposition and forest decline. Environ. Sci. Technol., 17:294～305.

11 Liang,Y.C., Ma,T.S.,Li,F.J. and Feng,Y.J.1994. Silicon availability and response of rice and wheat to silicon in calcareous soils. Commun. Soil Sci. and Plant Anal., 25(13&14):2285～2297.

12 Noda,M.and Komai,Y. 1958. Effect of silicate materials on the availability of inorganic phosphate in the soil. In: Studies on the Maximizing the Yield of Agricultural Products by the Application of Silicate Materials. p.100～115. Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan (in Japanese).

13 Okuda,A.and Takahashi,E.1965. The role of silicon. In: Proc. Symp. Int. Rice Res. p.123～146. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.

14 Sadasivan,T.S. 1965. Effect of mineral nutrients on soil microorganisms and plant disease. p.460～469. In K.F. Baker and W.C. Snyder(eds.). Ecology of Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens.Berkley: University of California Press.

15 Shafer,S.R.1992. Response of microbial populations in the rhizosphere to deposition of simulated acidic rain onto foliage and/or soil. Environ. Pollu.,76(3):267～278.

[1]	GUO Wei, WANG Nan, ZHANG Kaiyue, SONG Peipei, MA Zhanqiang. Effects of Cu₂O nanoparticles on the kinetic characteristics of rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction and related genes in wheat seedlings [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(3): 721-730.
[2]	CAI Hongmei, WANG Feifei, WANG Pengna, TANG Zhiwei, HUANG Weixiang, ZHENG Baoqiang, LI Jincai, CHEN Xiang. Research progress on the method and index evaluating strong seedlings of winter wheat during overwintering stage [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(2): 555-563.
[3]	LI Changqing, JI Meng, MA Mengmeng, WANG Shuo, LIU Huan, SUN Zhimei. Effects of combined natural synergists and chemical inhibitors on yield, nitrogen utilization and balance in wheat/maize rotation system [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(9): 2391-2397.
[4]	LIU Jiani, ZHAI Shuijing, QIU Siting, YU Xinhui, WANG Sai. Silicon composition and stoichiometric ratios with other nutrients in the lower Minjiang River, Southeast China [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(8): 2205-2214.
[5]	ZHU Zhenchuang, SUN Shijun, ZHU Miaomiao, LI Dongyi, WANG Zhe, SHEN Ruxuan, CHEN Wei. Effects of groundwater depth on groundwater recharge and soybean growth dynamics in Northeast China Plain [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(7): 1871-1882.
[6]	YANG Yixuan, CHEN Yingzhi, TANG Peng, LIN Wen, SUN Min, GAO Zhiqiang. Effects of sowing patterns on nitrogen utilization and yield formation of winter wheat in the western Huang-Huai-Hai region [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(6): 1572-1582.
[7]	LI Junliang, WANG Shibo, LI Yajun, HAO Xingyu, ZONG Yuzheng, ZHANG Dongsheng, SHEN Jie, SHI Xinrui, LI Ping. Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on cell structure and stress resistance physiology of Setaria italica under drought stress [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(5): 1281-1289.
[8]	NING Chuanchuan, CHEN Yuegui, LIU Rui, LI Tongxin, CHEN Hailang, TIAN Jihui, CAI Kunzheng. Effects of N fertilizer reduction combined with straw biochar application on the yield, Si, and N nutrition of double-cropping rice [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(4): 993-1001.
[9]	ZHANG Pengfei, LIU Pengzhao, WANG Chenglong, DENG Mingzhu, LIN Yanrong, REN Xiaolong, CHEN Xiaoli. Effects of elevated atmospheric ammonia concentration on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in wheat under different nitrogen rates [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(4): 1009-1014.
[10]	LIU Akang, MA Ruiqi, WANG Demei, WANG Yanjie, YANG Yushuang, ZHAO Guangcai, CHANG Xuhong. Effect of accumulated temperature before overwintering on wheat seedling growth status in north winter wheat area of China. [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(3): 679-687.
[11]	HUI Kaishan, WU Zhaohan, ZHANG Yongli. Effects of phosphorus application rates on photosynthetic and senescence characteristics and yield of diffe-rent stems and tillers of wheat under water-saving supplementary irrigation [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(2): 451-462.
[12]	XIE Yongkai, SONG Jinyao, LIU Min, MENG Wanzhong, FENG Meichen, WANG Chao, YANG Wude, QIAO Xingxing, YANG Chenbo. Hyperspectral monitoring on proline content in winter wheat under water stress [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(2): 463-470.
[13]	WAN Xiangyu, XIAO Kongcao, LI Dejun, ZHANG Yuling, DUAN Pengpeng. Abundance of denitrifying genes and their driving factors in soil under different land use types in the karst region of Northwest Guangxi [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(12): 3340-3346.
[14]	CHEN Yue, ZHAO Gengxing, CHANG Chunyan, WANG Zhuoran, LI Yinshuai, ZHAO Huansan, ZHANG Shuwei, PAN Jingrui. Grain yield estimation of wheat-maize rotation cultivated land based on Sentinel-2 multi-spectral image: A case study in Caoxian County, Shandong, China [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(12): 3347-3356.
[15]	WANG Jing, FU Bingzhe, LI Shuxia, WANG Xing, SONG Wenxue, YE Yunong, HU Pengfei, WANG Tongrui. Effects of exogenous melatonin on growth and physiological characteristics of Agropyron mongolicum seedlings under drought stress [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(11): 2947-2957.