大兴安岭次生林空间分布格局及其尺度效应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202005.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究大兴安岭落叶松林、白桦林和落叶松+白桦混交林3种次生林中,不同树种(落叶松、白桦和其他)和不同大小级(Ⅰ～Ⅴ级)树木的空间分布格局及其尺度效应。结果表明:3个林型中,仅落叶松林的更新数量达到良好状态,其余2种林型均为更新不良;各林型中,更新层幼苗、幼树的数量组成均与乔木层存在显著差异,且各林型中树木的直径(落叶松林和落叶松+白桦混交林除外)和树高分布也不够合理,3个林型均属于不稳定群落。各林型内林木空间分布整体以聚集分布为主,但方差/均值比率、负二项指数、Green指数、平均拥挤度和Morisita指数5个判别指数随尺度的变化显著不同,并以线性递增(40%)、幂函数递增(22%)和负二次多项式(20%)趋势为主。Ⅰ～Ⅲ级的更新层林木在不同尺度上以聚集分布为主,而乔木层(Ⅳ～Ⅴ级)在多种分布格局间波动,其对尺度的响应同样以线性递增(44%)、幂函数递增(15%)和负二次多项式(12%)为主。同一林型和取样尺度下,林木空间聚集程度整体随着林木大小级的增加呈线性下降趋势。各林型中,非优势树种的种群格局规模往往大于优势树种,而更新层林木空间格局规模大于乔木层。

关键词: 次生林, 空间分布, 尺度效应, 直径分布

Abstract: We examined the spatial distribution patterns and their scale effects of different tree species (Larix gmelinii, Betula platyphylla and others) and different size classes of trees (Ⅰ-Ⅴ) of natural L. gmelinii secondary forest (LF), natural B. platyphylla secondary forest (BF) and the mixed secondary forest of both species (MF) in Daxing’anling. The results showed that among the three forest types, LF was the only one type reaching a good state of regeneration, while other two forest types were poorly regenerated. For different forest types, the abundance of seedlings and saplings in the regeneration layer were significantly different from that of the tree layer, and the diameter distribution (except for LF and BF) and height distribution of trees in each forest type were not reasonable, indicating that all the three forest types belonged to unstable communities. At species level, the spatial distributions of main species in each plot were mainly clumped. The five indicators used in this study varied significantly with the scales, which mainly focused on the linear increases (40%), the power increases (22%) and the negative quadratic polynomials (20%), respectively. For different size classes, significant clumped distributions were observed for the regeneration levels (Ⅰ-Ⅲ), while the spatial distribution of tree layers (Ⅳ-Ⅴ) usually fluctuated distinctly among various distribution patterns. The scale effects of different size classes were mainly dominated by the linear increases (44%), the power increases (15%) and the negative quadratic polynomials (12%). For each forest type and sampling scale, the cluster degrees of trees decreased significantly with increasing tree sizes. Within each forest type, the pattern size of non-dominant species was significantly larger than that of dominant species, while the pattern size of regeneration layers was significantly larger than that of tree layers.

Key words: secondary forest, spatial distribution, scale effect, diameter distribution

董灵波, 田栋元, 刘兆刚. 大兴安岭次生林空间分布格局及其尺度效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(5): 1476-1486.

DONG Ling-bo, TIAN Dong-yuan, LIU Zhao-gang. Spatial distribution pattern and scale effect of secondary forests in Daxing’anling, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(5): 1476-1486.

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