土壤侵蚀与土地利用方式对黑土地土壤水气传输特性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202005.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤侵蚀是东北黑土退化的主要原因之一,了解不同土地利用方式下土壤水气传输性质的差异,可以为黑土区水土资源的高效利用和保护提供科学依据。本研究选取东北黑土区典型的3种土地利用方式(农地、林地、撂荒地)进行0~5 cm土层原位土壤饱和导水率、导气率和相对气体扩散率的测定,探讨土壤侵蚀和土地利用方式对土壤水气传输性质的影响。结果表明:不同侵蚀程度农地之间以及不同土地利用方式之间土壤水气传输性质差异显著。重度侵蚀农地容重显著高于其他样地,未侵蚀农地容重显著低于其他样地。与未侵蚀农地相比,轻度、中度和重度侵蚀农地容重分别增加12.7%、17.6%和39.2%,饱和导水率分别降低84.4%、53.7%和12.7%,导气率分别降低94.6%、64.4%和14.0%,相对气体扩散率分别降低91.3%、82.6%和4.3%。松林地饱和导水率、导气率和相对气体扩散率较未侵蚀农地分别降低86.5%、83.0%和91.3%。沙棘林地饱和导水率、导气率和相对气体扩散率较未侵蚀农地分别降低51.7%、45.6%和82.6%,撂荒地饱和导水率、导气率和相对气体扩散率较未侵蚀农地分别降低16.2%、1.4%和73.9%。可以利用测得的土壤导气率、相对气体扩散率估算土壤饱和导水率。土壤侵蚀和土地利用方式显著影响黑土地土壤水气传输特性。

关键词: 土地利用方式, 土壤侵蚀, 饱和导水率, 导气率, 相对气体扩散率

Abstract: Soil erosion is one of the main causes for the degradation of black soil in Northeast China. Understanding the differences of soil water and air transport under different land use patterns can provide scientific basis for efficient utilization and protection of soil and water resources in the black soil area. In this study, we examined the in-situ soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability and relative gas diffusion of 0-5 cm soil layer in three typical land use patterns (cropland, woodland, abandoned land) in the Northeast black soil area and explored the impacts of soil erosion and land use pattern on water and gas transport. Results showed that there were significant differences in soil water and air transport between different eroded croplands and between different land use patterns. Soil bulk density of serious erosion cropland was higher than that of other lands, and that of ungraded cropland was significantly lower than other lands. Compared with the ungraded cropland, soil bulk density in the light erosion cropland, the moderate erosion cropland and the serious erosion cropland increased by 12.7%, 17.6% and 39.2%, saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased by 84.4%, 53.7% and 12.7%, air permeability decreased by 94.6%, 64.4% and 14.0%, and relative gas diffusion decreased by 91.3%, 82.6% and 4.3%, respectively. The saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability and relative gas diffusion of pine forest decreased by 86.5%, 83.0% and 91.3% respectively compared with that of ungraded cropland, saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability and relative gas diffusion of sea-buckthorn forest decreased by 51.7%, 45.6% and 82.6%, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability and relative gas diffusion of abandoned land decreased by 16.2%, 1.4% and 73.9% respectively compared with that of ungraded cropland. In addition, the measured result of soil air permeability and relative gas diffusion could be used to estimate saturated soil hydraulic conductivity. Soil water and gas transport characteristics were significantly affected by soil erosion and land use pattern.

Key words: land use pattern, soil erosion, saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability, relative gas diffusion

赵旭, 樊军, 付威. 土壤侵蚀与土地利用方式对黑土地土壤水气传输特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(5): 1599-1606.

ZHAO Xu, FAN Jun, FU Wei. Effects of soil erosion and land use patterns on the characteristics of soil water and gas transport in the black soil region[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(5): 1599-1606.

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