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应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 1091-1101.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202304.024

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1961—2020年松花江流域极端气候指数的时空变化特征

于水1,2, 张晓龙1, 刘志娟3, 王妍1,2,4, 沈彦军1,2*   

  1. 1中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室, 石家庄 050022;
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100193;
    4河北师范大学地理科学学院/河北省环境演变与生态建设实验室, 石家庄 050024
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-19 接受日期:2023-02-03 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-10-15
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: shenyanjun@sjziam.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:于 水, 男, 1999年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事气候变化对粮食安全的影响研究。E-mail: ysq731811@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28020503)

Spatial and temporal variations of extreme climate index in the Songhua River Basin during 1961-2020

YU Shui1,2, ZHANG Xiaolong1, LIU Zhijuan3, WANG Yan1,2,4, SHEN Yanjun1,2*   

  1. 1Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Shijiazhuang 050022, China;
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
    4College of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
  • Received:2022-08-19 Accepted:2023-02-03 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-10-15

摘要: 研究气候变化和极端气候对保障松花江流域的粮食安全和社会经济发展具有重要意义。基于松花江流域及其附近69个气象站点的1961—2020年逐日降水量、最高气温和最低气温数据,采用世界气象组织推荐的27个极端气候指数,利用一元线性回归模型和Mann-Kendall趋势检验以及普通克里金插值分析松花江流域极端温度和降水的时空变化特征。结果表明: 1961—2020年,研究区极端冷指数中除了冷日持续时间外,其余均呈下降趋势,而极端暖指数、极值指数及其他温度指数呈上升趋势,且最低气温的上升趋势大于最高气温。结冰日数和冷日持续时间及暖日持续时间呈现出自南向北递增的趋势,而日最高气温极低值和日最低气温极低值则呈现相反的空间特征。夏日日数和热夜日数的高值区主要分布在西南部,而冷昼日数、暖夜日数、暖昼日数的空间变化不明显。整体上,除了冷日持续时间外,其他的极端冷指数在松花江流域北部和西部下降趋势较快;而暖指数中的夏日日数、暖夜日数、暖昼日数、暖日持续时间在北部和西部的上升速度较快,热夜日数在西南部上升速度最快;极值指数中,温度的极大值在西北部上升最快,而极小值在东北部上升最快。除了持续干燥日外,其余的降水指数均呈上升趋势,并且上升最快的区域主要分布在嫩江流域中北部,而嫩江流域南部部分地区呈现变干趋势。强降水天数、特大降水天数、最强降水天数、持续湿润日、强降水量、极强降水量、年降水量大致呈现出从东南向西北逐渐递减的空间格局。整体上,松花江流域在不断增暖变湿,但不同地区之间存在一定差异,特别是嫩江流域的北部和南部差异比较明显。

关键词: 极端温度, 极端降水, 时空变化, 松花江流域

Abstract: Understanding climate change and extreme climate is of great significance for ensuring food security and socio-economic development of the Songhua River Basin. Based on the daily precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature data during 1961-2020 from 69 meteorological stations in and around the Songhua River Basin, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variations of extreme temperature and precipitation in the Songhua River Basin using 27 extreme climate indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization, and linear trend method, Mann-Kendall trend test and ordinary Kriging interpolation methodology. The results showed that, from 1961 to 2020, except for cold speel duration, the extreme cold index in the study area showed a downward trend, while the extreme warm index, extreme value index and other temperature indices showed an upward trend. The increasing trend of the minimum temperature was greater than that of the maximum temperature. Icing days, cold speel duration and warm speel duration showed an increasing trend from south to north, while the minimum value of maximum temperature and that of minimum temperature showed opposite spatial characteristics. The high value areas of summer days and tropical nights were mainly distributed in the southwestern region, while there was no obvious spatial variations of cool days, warm nights, and warm days. Overall, except for cold speel duration, other extreme cold indices had a rapid decreasing trend in the north and west of the Songhua River Basin. In the warm index, summer days, warm nights, warm days, and warm speel duration had a rapid upward trend in the north and west, and tropical nights had the fastest rise in the southwest. In the extreme value index, the maximum of temperature rose fastest in the northwest, while the minimum rose fastest in the northeast. Except for consecutive dry days, the rest of precipitation indices showed an increasing trend, and the fastest rising areas were mainly in the north-central part of the Nenjiang River Basin, while some areas in the south of the Nenjiang River Basin became dry. Heavy precipitation days, very heavy precipitation days, heaviest precipitation days, consecutive wet days, very wet day precipitation, extremely wet day precipitation, and annual precipitation showed a gradual decreasing pattern from southeast to northwest. Overall, the Songhua River Basin was warming and wetting, but there were some differences among different regions, especially the northern and southern parts of the Nenjiang River Basin.

Key words: extreme temperature, extreme precipitation, temporal and spatial change, Songhua River Basin