东海、黄海春季虾类群落结构及其环境影响因素

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202306.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2020年5月利用海洋科学调查船在东海和黄海南部海域(26°30′—35°00′ N、120°30′—127°00′ E)进行的渔业资源和环境综合调查数据,利用相对重要性指数、生物多样性指数和多元统计方法研究了该海域的虾类群落格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明: 本次调查共捕获虾类29种,隶属于11科19属;优势种为长角赤虾、细螯虾、大管鞭虾、脊腹褐虾、假长缝拟对虾、东海红虾和鹰爪虾,这7个优势种生物量占总生物量的82.9%,丰度占总丰度的90.8%。等级聚类分析和非度量多维尺度排序分析结果表明,东海、黄海春季虾类群落分为A(黄海南部和东海北部近海组群)、B(东海北部外海组群)和C(东海中部组群)3个组群。单因子相似性分析和相似性百分比分析显示,A和B、A和C、B和C之间均呈现显著差异,相异性分别为92.2%、95.8%、91.6%。A组群典型种为鹰爪虾、脊腹褐虾、细鳌虾和葛氏长臂虾,B组群典型种为大管鞭虾,C组群典型种为长角赤虾、假长缝拟对虾、东海红虾和高脊管鞭虾。A、B和C组群的生物量、多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数均差异显著,且C组群值显著高于A和B;组群间理化因子和底质类型差异显著。典范对应分析表明,底层温度、底层盐度、水深和底质是影响虾类群落结构的主要环境因子。水团特征与底质类型对东海、黄海春季虾类群落的分布格局具有重要影响。

关键词: 虾类群落, 环境因子, 东海, 黄海, 多元统计分析, 典范对应分析

Abstract: Based on data collected from research vessel cruises performed in May 2020 off the East China Sea (ECS) and the southern Yellow Sea (YS) (26°30′-35°00′ N, 120°30′-127°00′ E), we analyzed the shrimp community and its relationships with environmental variables by using index of relative importance, biodiversity indices, and multivariate techniques. A total of 29 species were recorded, belonging to 11 families and 19 genera. The dominant species were Metapenaeopsis longirostris, Leptochela gracilis, Solenocera melantho, Crangon hakodatei, Parapenaeus fissuroides, Plesionika izumiae, and Trachypenaeus curvirostris, which together accounted for 82.9% of the total biomass and 90.8% of the total abundance of shrimps. Results of Cluster and NMDS analyses showed that three groups were identified for the shrimp community in the ECS and YS in spring, including group A (inshore of northern ECS and YS group), group B (offshore of northern ECS group) and group C (southern ECS group). ANOSIM and SIMPER analysis showed significant differences between group A and B, gourp A and C, and group B and C, with the dissimilarity of 92.2%, 95.8% and 91.6%, respectively. The typical species were T. curvirostris, C. hakodatei, L. gracilis and Palaemon gravieri in group A, and S. melantho in group B, and M. longirostris, P. fissuroides, P. izumiae and Solenocera alticarinata in group C. Significant differences were also detected in biomass, diversity index, species richness index and evenness index among groups, with significantly greater values in group C than those in A and B. Environmental variables and the substrate also displayed significant differences among groups. Results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that bottom temperature, bottom salinity, depth, and the substrate were the main environmental variables affecting spatial structure of shrimp community. Water mass characteristics and substrate type had important influences on the distribution of shrimp community in the ECS and YS in spring.

Key words: shrimp assemblage, environmental variable, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, multivariate analysis, canonical correspondence analysis

李惠玉, 金艳, 凌建忠, 刘尊雷, 程家骅. 东海、黄海春季虾类群落结构及其环境影响因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(6): 1659-1668.

LI Huiyu, JIN Yan, LING Jianzhong, LIU Zunlei, CHENG Jiahua. Shrimp community structure and influence of environmental variables in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea in spring[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(6): 1659-1668.

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