天然增效剂与化学抑制剂复配对小麦/玉米轮作体系产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202309.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂可以通过调控尿素氮转化的全过程延长氮肥肥效,提高氮肥利用效率,但目前所用脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂多为化学合成材料,成本高,且其抑制效果受土壤性质、气候条件和作物体系等多方面因素的影响。本研究采用田间小区试验,以冬小麦-夏玉米轮作种植体系为研究对象,设置不施氮肥(CK)、单施尿素(N)、尿素+双氰胺(ND)、尿素+腐植酸(NH)、尿素+沸石(NP)、尿素+N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺+双氰胺(NUD)、尿素+腐植酸+双氰胺(NHD)、尿素+沸石+双氰胺(NPD)8个处理,探讨在等施氮量条件下腐植酸或沸石两种天然增效剂及其与化学硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)复配对小麦和玉米轮作体系周年产量、氮素利用效率、土壤硝态氮累积及土壤-植物系统氮平衡的影响。结果表明: 与NH或NP处理相比,腐植酸和沸石分别与DCD复配(NHD和NPD)后,玉米季产量(11268和11397 kg·hm^-2)及周年总产量(20494和20582 kg·hm^-2)均显著提高,且达到了与化学脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂复配处理(NUD)基本相当的产量水平;与N处理相比,NHD和NPD处理小麦季、玉米季和周年的氮素利用效率均明显提高,两季的80~100 cm土层土壤硝态氮累积量显著降低,且与NUD处理差异不显著,而土壤氮素盈余量分别较NH和NP处理下降了10.7%和13.9%。表明腐植酸或沸石与化学硝化抑制剂复配可提高作物产量和氮素利用效率,同时符合现代农业绿色环保要求的有效途径。

关键词: 腐植酸, 沸石, 脲酶抑制剂, 硝化抑制剂, 小麦/玉米轮作, 产量, 土壤氮盈余

Abstract: Urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors can enhance nitrogen (N) fertilizer utilization efficiency and reducing N losses through regulating urea-N transformation. Common urease or nitrification inhibitors, however, are predominantly chemically synthesized and high-cost. Furthermore, their inhibitory effects are mediated by soil pro-perties, climatic conditions, and crop systems. In this study, we conducted a field experiment using natural synergists humic acid/zeolite, along with chemical nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) and their combination to elucidate the impacts of natural synergists combined with chemical inhibitors on annual yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, soil nitrate-N accumulation, and nitrogen balance within the wheat/maize rotation system. The treatments included no nitrogen fertilizer application (CK), single application of urea (N), urea +DCD (ND), urea + humic acid (NH), urea + zeolite (NP), urea + urease inhibitor N-butylthiophosphoric triamide + DCD (NUD), urea + humic acid + DCD (NHD), and urea + zeolite + DCD (NPD). The results showed that, compared to the treatments NH and NP, the integration of humic acid or zeolite with DCD (NHD and NPD) significantly increased maize yield (11268 and 11397 kg·hm^-2) and total annual yield (20494 and 20582 kg·hm^-2), which were comparable to those of combined chemical urease and nitrification inhibitors (NUD). The NHD and NPD treatments had higher nitrogen utilization efficiency and lower soil nitrate-N accumulation in 80-100 cm soil layer across all seasons relative to the N treatment, which had no significant difference compared to the NUD treatment. Furthermore, a decline in soil nitrogen surplus by 10.7% and 13.9% was observed when comparing the NHD and NPD treatments with the NH and NP treatments, respectively. These findings suggested that combined humic acid or zeolite and chemical nitrification inhibitors could effectively enhance crop yield and N utilization efficiency and meet the requirements of the green and environmental preservation of modern agriculture.

Key words: humic acid, zeolite, urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, wheat-maize rotation, yield, soil nitrogen surplus

李长青, 纪萌, 马萌萌, 王硕, 刘欢, 孙志梅. 天然增效剂与化学抑制剂复配对小麦/玉米轮作体系产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(9): 2391-2397.

LI Changqing, JI Meng, MA Mengmeng, WANG Shuo, LIU Huan, SUN Zhimei. Effects of combined natural synergists and chemical inhibitors on yield, nitrogen utilization and balance in wheat/maize rotation system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(9): 2391-2397.

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