土壤质量及其评价

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 保持和提高土壤质量是实现农业可持续发展的基础.为此,必须清楚土壤质量的概念以及土壤质量的评价方法.本文综述了土壤质量的概念及其研究进展.土壤质量评价要以土壤的功能为基础,不同土壤的评价应采用不同的标准,土壤质量的评价是相对的而不是绝对的.介绍了国际上几种常用的土壤质量评价的方法.并对耕地土壤质量评价的指标选择进行了探讨.

关键词: 土壤质量, 评价原则, 评价方法, 土壤质量指标, 深旋松耕, 阶段耗水, 西北黄土高原半干旱区, 经济收益, 马铃薯, 产量

Abstract: Preservation and improvement of soil quality is the basic task for agricultural sustainable development. For this reason, the concept and the evaluation method of soil quality should be clearly understood. In this paper, the concept of soil quality and its advanced researches were reviewed. Soil quality evaluation should be based on soil function, different types of soils should be evaluated by different criterions, and soil quality evaluation should be relational rather than absolute as well. Some methods of soil quality evaluation were introduced, and the selection of evaluation indictors was discussed.

Key words: Soil quality, Evaluation principle, Evaluation method, Soil quality indices, stage water consumption, vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage, profit, potato, tuber yield, semiarid northwest Loess Plateau

中图分类号:

S151

郑昭佩, 刘作新. 土壤质量及其评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (1): 131-134.

ZHENG Zhaopei, LIU Zuoxin . Soil quality and its evaluation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (1): 131-134.

参考文献

[1] Augustsson KA, Rundgren S. 1998. The advantages and disadvantages of Cognettia sphagnetorum in risk evaluation. Ambio, 27(1):61～68
[2] Baer SG, Rice CW, Blair JM. 2000. Assessment of soil quality in fields with short and long term enrollment in the CRP. J Soil Water Conser,(2): 142～146
[3] Beauchemin S, Simard RR, Cluis D. 1998. Forms and concentration of phosphorus in drainage water of twenty-seven tile-drained soils.J Environ Qual,27:721～728
[4] Belotti E. 1998. Assessment of a soil quality criterion by means of a field survey.Appl Soil Ecol,10(1-2):51～56
[5] Boehm MM, Anderson DW. 1997. A landscape-scale study of soil quality in three prairie farming systems.J Soil Sci Soc Amer,61:1147～1159
[6] Cai Y-L(蔡运龙),Smit B. 1994. Sustainability in Chinese agriculture: challenge and hope.Agric Ecosyst Environ,49:279～288
[7] Compbell CA, McConkey BG, Biederbeck VO,et al. 1998.Long-term effects of tillage and fallow-frequency on soil quality attributes in a clay soil in semiarid southwestern Saskatchewan.Soil Tillage Res,46(3～4): 135～144
[8] Cook N, Hendershot WH. 1996. The problem of establishing ecological based soil quality criteria: The case of lead.Can J Soil Sci,76:335～342
[9] Doran JW, Parkin TB. 1994. Defining and assessing soil quality,In:Doran JW eds. Defining Soil Quality for A Sustainable Environment. SSSA Spec. Publ. 35. SSSA and ASA, Madison, WI.3～21
[10] Gaston LA, Reddy KN, Locke MA. 1997. Relationship of spatially variable soil properties to herbicide efficacy. In:Agronomy Abstracts. ASA. Madison, WI.336
[11] Gewin VL, Kennedy AC, Veseth R,et al. 1999. Soil quality changes in eastern Washington with conservation reserve program (CRP) take-out.J Soil Water Conser,54(1): 432～438
[12] Heckrath G, Brookes PC, Poulton PR,et al. 1995. Phosphorus leaching from soils containing different phosphorous concentrations in the Broadbalk experiment. J Environ Qual,27:387～402
[13] Hornick SB.1992.Factors affecting the nutritional quality of crops.Amer J Altern Agric,7:63～68
[14] Islam KR, Weil RR.2000. Soil quality indicator properties in mid-Atlantic soils as influenced by conservation management.J Soil Water Conser,50:226～228
[15] Jordan D, Kremer RJ, Bergfield WA,et al. 1995. Evaluation of microbial methods as potential indicators of soil quality in historical agricultural fields.Biol Ferti Soils, 19(4):297～302
[16] Karlen DL, Mausbach MJ, Doran JW,et al. 1997. Soil quality: a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation (a guest editorial).J Soil Sci Soc Amer,61:4～10
[17] Karlen DL, Gardner JC, Rosek MJ. 1998. A soil quality framework for evaluating the impact of CRP.J Produc Agric,11(1): 56～60
[18] Kinako PDS. 1983. Assessment of relative soil quality by ecological bioassay.Afric J Ecol,21(4):291～295
[19] Lal R. 1998. Soil quality changes under continuous cropping for seventeen seasons of an alfisol in Western Nigeria.Land Degrad Develop,9(3): 259～274
[20] Liebig MA, Doran JW. 1999. Evaluation of point-scale assessment of soil quality.J Soil Water Conservation, 54(2): 510～518
[21] Maddonni GA, Urricariet S, Ghersa CM,et al. 1999. Assessing soil quality in the Rolling Pampa, using soil properties and maize characteristics.Agron J,91(2): 280～287
[22] Mann L, Tolbert V. 2000. Soil sustainability in renewable biomass plantings.Ambio,29(8):492～498
[23] Pieri C, Dumanski J, Hamblin A. 1995. World Bank Discussion Papers No. 315: Land Quality Indicators. The World Bank, Washington D.C.
[24] Roming DE, Garlynd MJ, Harris RF,et al. 1995. How farmers assess soil health and quality.J Soil Water Conser, 50:229～236
[25] Rundgren S, Andersson R, Bringmark L,et al. 1998. Integrated soil analysis: a research program in Sweden.Ambio,27(1):2～3
[26] Sims JT, Cunningham SD. Sumner ME. 1997. Assessing soil quality for environmental purposes: Roles and challenges for soil scientists.J Environ Qual,11:29～30
[27] Sinclair HR, Waltman WJ, Waltman SW,et al. 1996. Soil rating for plant growth (SRPG). USD-NRCS, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE.
[28] Smith JL,et al. 1994.Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. In:Doran JW eds. Defining Soil Quality for A Sustainable Environment. SSSA Spec. Publ. 35. SSSA and ASA, Madison, WI.149～157
[29] Sojka RE, Upchurch DR. 1999. Reservations regarding the soil quality concept.J Soil Sci Soc Amer, 63:1039～1054
[30] Staben ML, Bezdicek DF, Smith JL,et al. 1997. Assessment of soil quality in conservation reserve program and wheat-fallow soils.J Soil Sci Soc Amer, 61:124～130
[31] Stamm C, Fluhler H, Gachter R,et al. 1998.Preferential transport in drained grassland soils.J Environ Qual,27:515～522
[32] Stenberg B.1999.Monitoring soil quality of arable land: microbiological indicators.Acta Agric Scand Section B, Soil and Plant Sci,49(1): 1～24
[33] Stork NE, Eggleton P. 1992. Invertebrates as determinants and indicators of soil quality.Amer J Altern Agric,7(1-2):38～47
[34] Subbian P, Lal R, Subramanian KS. 2000. Cropping systems effects on soil quality in semiarid tropics.J Sustain Agric, 16(3): 7～38
[35] Visser S, Parkinson D. 1992. Soil biological criteria as indicators of soil quality: soil microorganisms.Amer J Altern Agric,7(1-2): 33～37
[36] Wang X-J(王效举),Gong Z-T(龚子同). 1996. Quantitative evaluation of soil quality changes in time and space at a small area level in subtropical China.Tropic Subtropic Soil Sci(热带亚热带土壤科学),5(4):229～231 (in Chinese)
[37] Warkentin BP. 1995. The changing concept of soil quality.J Soil Water Conser,50:226～228
[38] Wu T-C(吴同权). 2001. The development of sustainable agriculture in Taiwan. Soil and Environ(土壤与环境),3:1～10(in Chinese)
[39] Zhang T-L(张桃林),Pan J-J(潘剑君),Zhao Q-G(赵其国). 1999. Progress and orientation of soil quality research.Soil J(土壤),(1):1～7(in Chinese)
[40] Zhao Q-G(赵其国),Sun B(孙波), Zhang T-L(张桃林). 1997. Soil quality and sustainable environment I. Definition of soil quality and its evaluation methods.Soil J(土壤), (3):113～120(in Chinese)