生态安全评价研究中的若干问题

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态安全评价是对生态系统完整性以及对各种风险下维持其健康的可持续能力的识别与研判,以生态风险和生态健康评价为核心内容,并体现人类安全的主导性。生态风险识别和生态脆弱性是生态风险评价的构成要素,生态健康则表现在生态完整性、生态系统活力与恢复力三方面生态安全评价的准则与指标体系应将生态风险与生态健康有机结合,同时兼容不同空间尺度并能体现动态变化,其中在EDI、REI和IRI分类基础上叠加暴露分析指标是较大空间尺度生态安全指标体系建立的发展方向。文中综述了现阶段主要的生态安全评价方法,表明暴露一响应综合评价模式在现阶段应用最为广泛,生态模型法评价不同尺度的生态安全则是未来主要发展领域,并注重生态过程安全评价。生态安全评价研究需要与生态安全预测及预警研究相结合,并将生态安全的保障、维护与管理研究纳入其范畴。

关键词: 生态风险, 生态健康, 生态安全, 指标体系, 评价方法

Abstract: Ecological security assessment is the identification and judgment of ecosystem completeness and sustainable ability to maintain ecosystem health under all kinds of risks, the core contents of which are ecological risk assessment and ecological health assessment.Ecological risk identification and ecological vulnerability are the composing elements of ecological risk assessment, while ecological health includes three aspects, i.e., ecological completeness, ecosystem vigor, and ecosystem resilience.In the studies of ecological security assessment, the rational combination of ecological risk and ecological health, and the establishment of integrated measure index system based on confirming spatial scale are needed.At present, risk factor identification index, exposure analysis index, and influence (response) analysis index are the broader construction systems of ecological risk index.Nevertheless, on the basis of the classification of EDI, REI and IRI, the method of superimposing exposure analysis index may be the development direction of establishing index system in the future.Among the methods of quantificational assessment, exposure-response analysis was one of the most extensive method used at present, but ecological model method to assess different-scale ecological security will be the main development field, and focused on the security of ecological processes in the future.Ecological security assessment must be intergraded with ecological prediction, security guarantee and management.

Key words: Ecological risk, Ecological health, Ecological security, Assessment method, Index system

中图分类号:

X171.1

王根绪, 程国栋, 钱鞠. 生态安全评价研究中的若干问题[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (9): 1551-1556.

WANG Genxu, CHENG Guodong, QIAN Ju. Several problems in ecological security assessment research[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (9): 1551-1556.

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