[1] Aguilar R,Kelly EF,Heil RD.1988.Effects of cultivation on soils in northern Great Plains rangeland.Soil Sci Soc Am J,52:1081~1085 [2] Bai Y-F(白永飞),Xu Z-X(许志信).2002.On the small scale spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture,carbon and nitrogen in Stipa communities of the Inner Mongolia Plateau.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),22(8):1215~1223(in Chinese) [3] Chapin,FS,Torn MS,Tateno M.1996.Principles of ecosystem sustainability.Amer Nat,148:1016~1037 [4] Chen F-S(陈伏生),Zeng D-H(曾德慧),Chen G-S(陈广生),et al.2003.Comparative analysis on spatial patterns of soil moisture under different land use types in Keerqin sandy land.Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志),22(6):43~48(in Chinese) [5] Chen G-S(陈广生),Zeng D-H(曾德慧),Chen F-S(陈伏生),et al.2003.A research review on "fertile islands" of soils under shrub canopy in arid and semi-arid regions.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(12):2295~2300(in Chinese) [6] Ettershank GJ,Ettershank MB,Whitford WG.1978.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on primary productivity in a Chihuahuan Desert ecosystems.J Arid Environ,1:135~139 [7] Evans RD,Ehleringer JR.1993.A break in the nitrogen cycle of aridlands:Evidence from 15N of soils.Oecologia,94:314~317 [8] Han X-G(韩兴国),Lin L-H(李凌浩),Huang J-F(黄建辉).1999.An Introduction to Biogeochemistry.Beijing:China Higher Education Press.197~244(in Chinese) [9] Jackson RB,Caldwell MM.1993.The scale of nutrient heterogeneity around individual plants and its quantification with geostatistics.Ecology,74:612~614 [10] Jiang F-Q(姜凤岐),Cao C-Y(曹成有),Zeng D-H(曾德慧),et al.2002.Degradation and Restoration of Ecosystems on Keerqin Sandy Land.Beijing:China Forestry Press.(in Chinese) [11] Keeney DR.1980.Prediction of soil nitrogen availability in forest ecosystems:A literature review.For Sci,26:159~171 [12] Li H-B(李哈滨),Wang Z-Q(王政权),Wang Q-C(王庆成).1998.Theory and methodology of spatial heterogeneity quantification.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),9(6):651~657(in Chinese) [13] Ludwig JA,Whitford WG,Cornelius JM.1989.Effects of water,nitrogen and sulfur amendments on cover,density and size of Chihuahuan desert ephemerals.J Arid Environ,16:35~42 [14] McConnell SG,Quinn ML.1988.Soil productivity of four land use systems in southeastern Montana.Soil Sci Soc Am J,52:500~506 [15] Mooney HA,Vitousek PV,Matson PA.1987.Exchange of materials between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere.Science,238:926~932 [16] Peterjohn WT,Schlesinger WH.1990.Nitrogen loss from deserts in the southwestern United States.Biogeochemistry,10:67~79 [17] Reynolds JF,Virginia RA,Schlesinger WH.1997.Defining functional types for models of desertification.In:Smith TM,Shugart HH,Woodword FI,eds.Plant Function Types:Their Relevance to Ecosystem Properties and Global Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.195~216 [18] Robertson GP.1987.Geostatistics in ecology:Interpolating with known variance.Ecology,68:744~748 [19] Schlesinger WH,Raikes JA,Hartley AE,et al.1996.On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems.Ecology,77:364~374 [20] Schlesinger WH,Reynolds JF,Cunningham GL,et al.1990.Biological feedbacks in global desertification.Science,247:1043~1048 [21] Schlesinger WH.1991.Biogeochemistry:An Analysis of Global Change.California:Academic Press. [22] Tamm CO.1992.Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems:Questions of Productivity,Vegeational Changes,and Ecosystem Stability.Ecological Studies 81.Berlin:Springer-Verlag. [23] Tilman D,Farglione J,Wolff B,et al.2001.Forecasting agriculturally-driven global environmental change.Science,292:281~284 [24] Vitousek PM,Aber JD,Howarth RW,et al.1997.Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle:Causes and consequences.Ecol Appl,7:737~750 [25] Vitousek PM,Gosz JR,Grier CC,et al.1979.Nitrate losses from disturbed ecosystems.Science,204:469~474 [26] Vitousek PM,Howarth RW.1991.Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea:How can it occur.Biogeochemistry,13:87~115 [27] Wang Z-Q(王政权).1999.Geostatistics and Application in Ecology.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese) [28] Webster R.1985.Quantitative spatial analysis of soil in the field.Adv Soil Sci,3:1~70 [29] West NE,Klemendson JO.1978.Structural distribution of nitrogen in desert ecosystems.In:West NE,Skujins JJ,eds.Nitrogen in Desert Ecosystems.Hardcover:van Nostrand Reinhold.1~16 [30] Zheng Z-P(郑昭佩),Liu Z-X(刘作新).2003.Soil quality and its evaluation.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),14(1):131~134(in Chinese) |