不同耕作方法对水稻生长和土壤生态的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 1998～1999年在华南双季稻田研究了不同耕作方法对水稻生长和土壤生态的影响.结果表明,在抛秧条件下,免耕水稻的分蘖数、有效穗数和实粒数减少,水稻产量比传统耕降低13.4%,经济效益减少10.9%.免耕土壤容重和硬度增大,总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和有效P、K降低,放线菌和真菌数量减少,而土壤细菌数量增加,酶活性增强.轻耕和传统耕的土壤物理化学性质、微生物数量和酶活性相似,但轻耕水稻有效穗数和千粒重较高,水稻产量比传统耕增加2.1%.轻耕降低了耕作成本,经济效益比传统耕作提高11.0%.

关键词: 双季稻, 抛秧, 耕作方法, 产量, 经济效益

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in double-cropping rice field in South China during 1998～1999 to study the effect of different tillage methods on rice growth and soil ecology. The results showed that with rice scattering planting, no-tillage method caused a reduction of rice tillering, effective panicle, and filled grains of rice. Grain yield under no-tillage was 13.40% lower than that under conventional tillage,and the economic benefits decreased by 10.9%. Soil analysis showed that in no-tillage fields, soil bulk density and hardness were increased, soil porosity and available P and K were decreased,the amount of actinomyces and fungi was reduced,while that of soil bacteria was increased, and the enzyme activity was promoted. Minimum tillage and conventional tillage had similar soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity. Minimum tillage could produce a 2.1% higher grain yield than conventional tillage, and increase the economic benefits by 11.0%.

Key words: Double-cropping rice, Scattering planting, Tillage method, Grain yield, Economic benefits

中图分类号:

李华兴, 卢维盛, 刘远金, 张新明, 陈喜崇, 李永锋, 霍锦添. 不同耕作方法对水稻生长和土壤生态的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2001, (4): 553-556.

LI Huaxing, LU Weisheng, LIU Yuanjin, ZHANG Xinming . Effect of different tillage methods on rice growth and soil ecology[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001, (4): 553-556.

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