不同退化红砂荒漠草地的水分分配格局

应用生态学报 ›› 2002, Vol. ›› Issue (8): 962-966.

不同退化红砂荒漠草地的水分分配格局

王彦荣¹, 曾彦军¹, 张宝林², 塔拉腾²

1. 兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 甘肃草原生态研究所, 兰州 730020;
2. 内蒙古阿拉善盟草原工作站, 巴彦浩特 750360

收稿日期:2002-04-07 修回日期:2002-05-23 出版日期:2002-08-15
通讯作者: 王彦荣,女,1956年2月生,研究员,主要从事荒漠植物生态和牧草种子学研究,发表研究论文60余篇.E-mail:yrwang66@public.lz.gs.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000048704);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(39730100).

Water distribution patterns in different degraded desert grasslands of Reaumuria soongorica

WANG Yanrong¹, ZENG Yanjun¹, ZHANG Baoling², TA Lateng ²

1. College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Gansu Grassland Ecological Research Institute, Lanzhou 730020;
2. Alashan Grassland Station, Inner Mongolia, Bayanhaote 750360

Received:2002-04-07 Revised:2002-05-23 Online:2002-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了内蒙古阿拉善盟不同过牧退化红砂草地的土壤植物大气系统的水分分配格局、不同退化草地和主要植物种的水分利用效率.2001年降雨量124.3mm,其中试验期119.4mm.1m深土壤水分结果表明,10～40cm土层受蒸散影响最大;由于主要共存种红砂和无芒隐子草根系分布和蒸腾强度不同等,含水量在10～20cm土层以中度退化区显著低于其它样区(P<0.05),而20～40cm土层以轻度退化区较低.样地年均蒸发量为30.6mm,红砂种群的年均蒸腾量为11.9mm.随着草地退化加剧,裸地的蒸发量和退化指示种匍根骆驼蓬种群的蒸腾量增加,而红砂种群的蒸腾量降低.与较轻度退化区比,中度和重度退化区的水分利用率分别下降了14.6%和46.1%,红砂水分利用率分别下降了37.8%和73.8%.

关键词: 红砂, 荒漠, 过牧, 草地退化, 水分分配

Abstract: Water distribution pattern and water use efficiency in soil plant atmosphere system for light,medium,and heavy degraded Reaumuria soongorica grasslands were studied in Alashan region of Inner Mongolia.The total precipitation in2001 was 124.3mm,of which 119.4mm occured during experimental period. Soil water content (SWC) in 10～40cm layer was greatly affected by the evapotranspiration. The SWCin10～20cm layer of medium degraded grassland paddock was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the SWC in 20～40cm layer of light degraded paddock was lower than that of other paddocks due to different transpiration rate and root distribution depth between the main co existing plant species of R. soongorica and Cleistogenes soongorica in the paddocks. The annual average bare land evaporation and R. soongorica population transpiration were 30.6mm and 11.9mm, respectively. As the grassland further degraded, the bare land evaporation and transpiration through Peganum nigellastrum population, a degradation indicating plant species, increased, while the transpiration of R. soongorica decreased.In addition, the water use efficiency of the grassland and dominant plant species markedly decreased with the increasing grassland degradation.Compared to the light degraded paddocks, for instance,the water use efficiency of medium and heavy degraded paddocks were reduced by 14.6% and 46.1 % for total biomass production, and by 37.8% and 73.8% for R. soongorica,respectively.

Key words: Reaumuria soongorica, Desert, Over grazing, Grassland degradation, Water distribution

中图分类号:

S156.5

王彦荣, 曾彦军, 张宝林, 塔拉腾. 不同退化红砂荒漠草地的水分分配格局[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, (8): 962-966.

WANG Yanrong, ZENG Yanjun, ZHANG Baoling, TA Lateng . Water distribution patterns in different degraded desert grasslands of Reaumuria soongorica[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, (8): 962-966.

参考文献

[1] Abu-Awwad AM.1997.Water infiltration and redistribution within soils affected by a surface crust.J Arid Environ,37(2): 231～242
[2] Braunack MV,Walker J.1985.Recovery of some surface soil properties of ecological interest after sheep grazing in a semi-arid woodland.Aust J Ecol, 10:451～460
[3] Coronato FR,Bertiller MB.1996.Precipitation and landscape related effects on soil moisture in semi-arid rangelands of Patagonia.J Arid Environ, 34(1):1～9
[4] Editorial Committee of China Forage Flora(中国饲用植物志编辑委员会).1987.China Forage Flora.Beijing: China Agricultural Press.510～513 (in Chinese)
[5] Editorial Committee of Agricultural and Pastoral Divisions of Alashan Prefecture(阿拉善盟农牧业区划编辑委员会).1992.Agricultural and Pastoral Divisions of Alashan Prefecture.Huh hot :Inner Mongolia People's Press.30 ～ 452 (in Chinese)
[6] Han H,Felker P.1997.Field validation of water-use efficiency of the CAM plant Opuntia ellisiana in south Texas.J Arid Environ, 36(1):133～148
[7] Han H,Felker P.1997.Estimation of daily soil water evaporation using an artificial neural network.J Arid Environ, 37(2):251～260
[8] Huang P-Y(黄培佑).1988.A preliminary study on the live cycle of xerophilous arbor and shrub passed indissimilar habitat in arid zone.J Xinjiang Univ (新疆大学学报),5(4):87～93 (in Chinese)
[9] Ren J-Z(任继周).1998.Research Methods for Grassland Science.Beijing:China Agricultural Press.1～29 (in Chinese)
[10] Ma M-H(马茂华),Kong L-S(孔令邵).1998.The bio-ecological characteristics of Reaumuria soongorica on the border of oasis at Hutubi of Xinjiang.Acta Phytoecol Sin (植物生态学报), 22(3):237～244 (in Chinese)
[11] Nan Y-G(南寅镐).1988.Methods of water balance study in grassland community.In:Jiang S(姜恕) ed.Research Methods on Grassland Ecology.Beijing:China Agricultural Press.2～155 (in Chinese)
[12] Slavik B.1984.Trans.Zhang C-H(张崇浩),Yuan Y-X(袁玉信),Tan Z-Y(谭志一).1986.Methods of Studying Plant Water Relations.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[13] Song B-Y(宋炳煜),Yin X-Q(尹晓青).1998.Comparative study on the methods of measuring water consumption of grassland community.In:Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station,Academia Sinica eds.Research on Grassland Ecosystem.2nd.Beijing:Science Press.224～232 (in Chinese)
[14] Wang R-Z(王仁忠),Gao Q(高琼),Li J-D(李建东).1996.The water ecology of Leymus chinensis community in Songnen plain.Acta Pratacult Sin (草业学报),5(3):7～12 (in Chinese)
[15] Wang R-Z(王仁忠).1998.Water balance characteristics of some grass communities in Songnen grassland.Acta Pratacult Sin (草业学报), 7(1):6～11 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhao Z-Y(赵增煜).1986.General Test Methods for Agricultural Science.Beijing:China Agricultural Press.21～22 (in Chinese)
[17] Zhou S-Z(周淑贞).1984.Meteorology and Climatology.Beijing:Higher Education Press.20～24 (in Chinese)