控释尿素条施深度对鲜食玉米田间氨挥发和氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.004

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 1295-1302.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.004

控释尿素条施深度对鲜食玉米田间氨挥发和氮肥利用率的影响

刘威^1,2, 周剑雄¹, 谢媛圆¹, 薛欣欣³, 熊汉锋⁴, 徐芳森², 袁家富¹, 熊又升^1*

¹湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室, 武汉 430064;
²华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070;
³中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所, 海南儋州 571737;
⁴鄂州职业大学, 湖北鄂州 436000

收稿日期:2018-09-19 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-20
通讯作者: * E-mail: yshxiong@126.com
作者简介:刘威,男,1984年生,博士,助理研究员. 主要从事作物养分管理与农田生态环境研究. E-mail: weiliu8844 @126.com
基金资助:
本文由湖北省科技支撑计划项目(2015BBA151)、湖北省博士后创新岗位重点项目(2016-0103)和国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200703)资助

Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen use efficiency in the field of fresh edible maize as affec-ted by different band fertilization depths of controlled-release urea

LIU Wei^1,2, ZHOU Jian-xiong¹, XIE Yuan-yuan¹, XUE Xin-xin³, XIONG Han-feng⁴, XU Fang-sen², YUAN Jia-fu¹, XIONG You-sheng^1*

¹Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China;
²College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
³Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China;
⁴Ezhou Polytechnic, Ezhou 436000, Hubei, China

Received:2018-09-19 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-20
Contact: * E-mail: yshxiong@126.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Hubei Province (2015BBA151), the Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Hubei Province (2016-0103) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0200703).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高鲜食玉米一次性施肥的氮肥利用率并降低氮肥的环境影响,通过田间试验,以不施氮处理为对照(CK),研究了控释尿素不同条施深度(0、5、10、15、20 cm)对鲜食玉米田间土壤氨挥发特征、鲜穗产量和氮肥利用率的影响. 结果表明: 玉米种植带和宽行非施肥带的土壤氨挥发主要发生在施肥后的前2周,而窄行施肥带的土壤氨挥发在施肥后持续约1个月. 与CK相比,控释尿素表施(0 cm)处理不仅大幅度地提高了窄行施肥带的氨挥发损失量,同时也显著增加了玉米种植带和宽行非施肥带的氨挥发损失量. 不同深度施肥处理全生育期土壤氨挥发损失总量差异较大,为3.1～25.5 kg N·hm^-2,占施氮量的1.7%～14.2%.其中控释尿素条施10、15和20 cm深度处理的全生育期土壤氨挥发损失总量相差不大,分别较表施(0 cm)和浅施(5 cm)处理显著降低了85.9%～87.8%和67.0%～71.6%. 在一定范围内增加控释尿素条施深度有利于提高鲜穗产量、植株氮积累量以及氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥表观利用率,各指标均以15 cm深度处理最高. 综上所述,控释尿素合理深施可以显著降低氨挥发损失,提高鲜穗产量和氮肥利用效率,本研究条件下控释尿素的最适宜施用深度为15 cm.

关键词: 鲜食玉米, 控释尿素, 施肥深度, 氮肥利用率, 氨挥发

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of controlled-release urea (CRU) application on ammonia (NH₃) volatilization, nitrogen (N) use efficiency and fresh ear yield of fresh edible maize. The treatments included one control (CK: no N fertilizer application) and four different band fertilization depths (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm). Results showed that NH₃ volatilization from non-fertilization band and planting band mainly occurred in the first two weeks after the fertilization, which lasted for almost a month in the fertilization band. Compared to CK, surface broadcasted CRU (0 cm) significantly increased NH₃ volatilization from wide-row non-fertilization band or planting band in field. Soil NH₃ volatilization amounts ranged from 3.1 to 25.5 kg N·hm^-2 with the different depths of CRU application treatments, accounting for 1.7%-14.2% of total N applied. The cumulative NH₃ volatilizations were comparable among the depths of 10, 15 and 20 cm of CRU fertilization treatments, which were significantly decreased by 85.9%-87.8% and 67.0%-71.6% as compared with surface broadcasted CRU and 5 cm of CRU fertilization, respectively. The increases of CRU application depth within a certain extent could increase fresh ear yield, total nitrogen accumulation of plants during milking stage, partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizer, and the maximum values of these indices were recorded for 15 cm depth. We concluded that CRU application at 15 cm depth would be the optimal practice in terms of reducing NH₃ volatilization and improving N use efficiency of fresh edible maize.

Key words: controlled-release urea, ammonia volatilization, fresh edible maize, nitrogen use efficiency, fertilization depth

刘威, 周剑雄, 谢媛圆, 薛欣欣, 熊汉锋, 徐芳森, 袁家富, 熊又升. 控释尿素条施深度对鲜食玉米田间氨挥发和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1295-1302.

LIU Wei, ZHOU Jian-xiong, XIE Yuan-yuan, XUE Xin-xin, XIONG Han-feng, XU Fang-sen, YUAN Jia-fu, XIONG You-sheng. Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen use efficiency in the field of fresh edible maize as affec-ted by different band fertilization depths of controlled-release urea[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1295-1302.

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控释尿素条施深度对鲜食玉米田间氨挥发和氮肥利用率的影响

Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen use efficiency in the field of fresh edible maize as affec-ted by different band fertilization depths of controlled-release urea

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