外源脱落酸对干旱胁迫下滇润楠幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202005.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以滇润楠一年生实生苗为试验材料,研究在良好水分条件(土壤含水量为70%～75%田间持水量)、轻度干旱胁迫及重度干旱胁迫处理下(50%～55%和30%～35%田间持水量)进行外源脱落酸(ABA)喷施对其生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明: 干旱胁迫使得滇润楠幼苗叶片的相对含水量、株高和生物量显著下降,净光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数(PSⅡ最大光化学效率,F_v/F_m)有不同程度的下降,而根冠比、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加。外源ABA的喷施可提高干旱胁迫下滇润楠幼苗的适应性,尤其是重度干旱下,外源ABA显著提高了叶片相对含水量21.0%,同时增加了植株株高和生物量的累积,提高了根冠比,为良好水分条件的2.1倍;减少了干旱下膜脂过氧化产物MDA的累积,提高了抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶、超氧化物岐化酶的活性,显著增加了脯氨酸的含量,为良好水分条件的7.7倍。外源ABA的喷施显著缓解了干旱胁迫对植株光合器官的不利影响,减少干旱引起的叶片净光合速率及气孔导度的下降,并且减轻了PSⅡ受到干旱的伤害程度,重度干旱下喷施ABA的植株的F_v/F_m显著高于未喷施ABA的植株。外源ABA的喷施可以减轻干旱对滇润楠植株的伤害,提高其抗旱性。

关键词: 滇润楠, 干旱胁迫, 脱落酸

Abstract: In this study, the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on the growth and physiolo-gical characteristics of Machilus yunnanensis seedlings were examined under well water supply conditions (70%-75% field capacity, FC) and different drought stress conditions, i.e., light drought stress (50%-55% FC) and severe drought stress (30%-35% FC), respectively. The results showed that drought stress reduced leaf relative water content, plant height, and total biomass of seedlings significantly decreased, as well as net photosynthetic rate and maximal photochemistry efficiency (F_v/F_m), but enhanced root/shoot and malondialdehyde contents (MDA). Exogenous ABA improved the adaptability of seedlings under drought stress, especially under severe drought stress, with leaf relative water content being improved 21.0%. Plant height and biomass allocation were improved by exogenous ABA under drought, while root/shoot was improved by 1.1 times compared with the well watered plants. The accumulation of MDA was decreased, the activities of CAT and SOD were significantly increased, and the proline content was increased 6.7 times by exogenous ABA under drought. Exogenous ABA application alleviated the negative effect of drought on photosynthetic organs, reduced the decrease of net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance under drought, and enhanced F_v/F_m value. The results suggested that exogenous ABA treatment could enhance the resistance of M. yunnanensis to drought stress.

Key words: Machilus yunnanensis, drought stress, abscisic acid

李琬婷, 宁朋, 王菲, 程小毛, 黄晓霞. 外源脱落酸对干旱胁迫下滇润楠幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(5): 1543-1550.

LI Wan-ting, NING Peng, WANG Fei, CHENG Xiao-mao, HUANG Xiao-xia. Effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on growth and physiological characteristics of Machilus yunnanensis seedlings under drought stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(5): 1543-1550.

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