独脚金内酯类似物GR24对山定子幼苗低氮胁迫的缓解作用

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202306.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究叶面喷施不同浓度独脚金内酯类似物GR24(0、1、5、10、20 μmol·L^-1)对低氮胁迫下山定子幼苗叶片光合生理特性及根系活性氧代谢和氮同化的影响,以期探索应用GR24缓解山定子幼苗低氮胁迫的适宜方法。结果表明: 低氮胁迫下山定子幼苗地上部生物量显著降低,根冠比升高;叶片中叶绿素含量降低,类胡萝卜素含量升高,光合活性降低;根系中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性变化不显著,但过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性及可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸和活性氧含量显著升高,可溶性蛋白含量显著降低;根系中硝酸根离子含量降低,铵根离子含量升高,硝酸还原酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性均降低。与不喷施GR24相比,低氮胁迫和正常供氮条件下叶面喷施10和20 μmol·L^-1 GR24处理都不同程度增加了山定子幼苗生物量和根冠比,提高了叶绿素含量,增强了净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度等光合参数,改善了PSⅡ最大光化学效率和单位面积电子传递量子产额等荧光特性,增加了根系渗透调节物质(可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸)含量,增强了根系谷氨酰胺合成酶活性;低氮胁迫下叶面喷施10和20 μmol·L^-1 GR24处理还显著降低了根系活性氧和铵根离子含量,提高了根系抗氧化酶、硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶等氮代谢关键酶活性,增加了硝酸根离子含量。其中以10 μmol·L^-1 GR24处理对低氮胁迫下山定子幼苗的作用效果最好,在低氮土壤的果园有一定的应用前景。

关键词: 山定子, 低氮胁迫, 独脚金内酯, GR24, 光合特性, 活性氧代谢

Abstract: To investigate the efficacy of foliar application of GR24, a strigolactone analogue, in alleviating low-nitrogen stress in Malus baccata, we applied GR24 with different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 μmol·L^-1) to leaves of plants under low nitrogen stress. We evaluated the changes in photosynthetic characteristics of leaves, reactive oxygen metabolism, and nitrogen assimilation in roots. The results showed that shoot biomass of seedling significantly decreased and root-shoot ratio increased under low-nitrogen stress. The chlorophyll contents decreased, the carotenoid content increased, and the photosynthetic activity decreased. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes in roots changed little, while the activities of peroxidase and ascorbic acid peroxidase enzymes, along with the levels of soluble sugar, free proline, and reactive oxygen species showed a significant increase, and the soluble protein content decreased. The NO₃^- content in roots decreased, the NH₄⁺ content increased, while activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase decreased. Compared to the control group without GR24 application, foliar sprays of 10 and 20 μmol·L^-1 GR24 under both normal and low-nitrogen increased biomass and root-shoot ratio to varying degrees. Additionally, GR24 application increased chlorophyll content, photosynthesis indices (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance), and fluorescence (maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ and quantum yield of electron transfer per unit area) performance parameters, as well as the contents of osmotic regulation substances (soluble protein, soluble sugar, and free proline) and glutamine synthase activity. Application of 10 and 20 μmol·L^-1 GR24 under low-nitrogen stress decreased carotenoid, reactive oxygen species, and NH₄⁺ contents, while increased the activities of antioxidases and key enzymes in nitrogen metabolism (nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase) and NO₃^- content. The 10 μmol·L^-1 GR24 treatment was the most effective in alleviating low nitrogen stress, which has potential for application in apple orchards with low nitrogen soil.

Key words: Malus baccata, low nitrogen stress, strigolactone, GR24, photosynthetic characteristic, reactive oxygen metabolism

张鑫, 马迎杰, 齐边斌, 于波, 吕德国, 秦嗣军. 独脚金内酯类似物GR24对山定子幼苗低氮胁迫的缓解作用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(6): 1592-1600.

ZHANG Xin, MA Yingjie, QI Bianbin, YU Bo, LYU Deguo, QIN Sijun. Alleviation effect of GR24, a strigolactone analogue, on low-nitrogen stress in Malus baccata seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(6): 1592-1600.

参考文献

[1] 王海宁, 葛顺峰, 姜远茂, 等. 施氮水平对五种苹果砧木生长以及氮素吸收、分配和利用特性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(5): 1262-1268
[2] 鲁剑巍, 陈防, 王运华, 等. 氮磷钾肥对红壤地区幼龄柑橘生长发育和果实产量及品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2004, 10(4): 413-418
[3] Zhao DL, Reddy KR, Kakani VG, et al. Nitrogen deficiency effects on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, and hyperspectral reflectance properties of sorghum. European Journal of Agronomy, 2004, 22: 391-403
[4] Shu JH, Wu JH, Qin TY, et al. Research on physiological characteristics of tall fescue under nitrogen stress. Agricultural Science and Technology, 2015, 16: 1837-1839, 1844
[5] 王嘉文, 吴刚, 徐云敏. 谷氨酰胺合成酶在植物氮同化及再利用中的研究进展. 分子植物育种, 2019, 17(4): 1373-1377
[6] 解斌, 安秀红, 陈艳辉, 等. 苹果砧木对低氮胁迫的响应及适应性评价. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(6): 1092-1103
[7] Krouk G, Lacombe B, Bielach A, et al. Nitrate-regulated auxin transport by NRT1.1 defines a mechanism for nutrient sensing in plants. Developmental Cell, 2010, 18: 927-937
[8] Koltai H. Strigolactones activate different hormonal pathways for regulation of root development in response to phosphate growth conditions. Annals of Botany, 2013, 112: 409-415
[9] Min Z, Li R, Chen L, et al. Alleviation of drought stress in grapevine by foliar-applied strigolactones. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019, 135: 99-110
[10] Hu Q, Zhang S, Huang B. Strigolactones and interaction with auxin regulating root elongation in tall fescue under different temperature regimes. Plant Science, 2018, 271: 34-39
[11] Zheng XD, Li YQ, Xi X, et al. Exogenous Strigolactones alleviate KCl stress by regulating photosynthesis, ROS migration and ion transport in Malus hupehensis Rehd. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021, 159: 113-122
[12] Shinsaku I, Ken I, Naoko A, et al. Effects of strigolactone signaling on Arabidopsis growth under nitrogen deficient stress condition. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 2016, 11: e1126031
[13] 孙虎威. 独脚金内酯参与氮、磷调控水稻根系生长发育的机制研究. 博士论文. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2015
[14] Wan HX, Yang FY, Zhuang XL, et al. Malus rootstocks affect copper accumulation and tolerance in trees by regulating copper mobility, physiological responses, and gene expression patterns. Environmental Pollution, 2021, 287: 117610
[15] Wellburn AR. The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. Journal of Plant Physiology, 1994, 144: 307-313
[16] Li LJ, Lu XC, Ma HY, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals the roots response to low root-zone temperature in Malus baccata. Journal of Plant Research, 2018, 131: 865-878
[17] Sousa DPF, Braga BB, Gondim FA, et al. Increased drought tolerance in maize plants induced by H₂O₂ is closely related to an enhanced enzymatic antioxidant system and higher soluble protein and organic solutes contents. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 2016, 28: 297-306
[18] 赵明德, 刘晶, 吉云, 等. 不同温度条件下高原多年生牧草幼苗的生理和生长对碱胁迫的响应. 西南农业学报, 2020, 33(12): 2807-2813
[19] Ali N, Hadi F. Phytoremediation of cadmium improved with the high production of endogenous phenolics and free proline contents in Parthenium hysterophorus plant treated exogenously with plant growth regulator and chelating agent. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015, 22: 13305-13318
[20] 郎冬梅, 秦嗣军, 朱紫檀, 等. 外源葡萄糖对山定子生长及根系氮素代谢的影响. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(3): 797-804
[21] Garnett T, Conn V, Kaiser BN. Root based approaches to improving nitrogen use efficiency in plants. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2009, 32: 1272-1283
[22] 王宁, 师赵康, 徐世英, 等. 低氮诱导玉米幼苗叶片衰老过程中碳氮平衡的动态变化. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(4): 1045-1054
[23] 范敏, 金黎平, 黄三文, 等. 干旱胁迫对马铃薯类黄酮和类胡萝卜素合成关键酶基因表达的影响. 园艺学报, 2008, 35(4): 535-542
[24] 费小红, 安保光, 赵宝华, 等. 类胡萝卜素参与水稻抗氧化胁迫的研究进展. 现代农业科学, 2009, 16(1): 22-23
[25] 季浩. 不同生育期及高温对玉米和棉花叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响研究. 博士论文. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2017
[26] 李国栋, 田曼青, 沈仁芳. 拟南芥独脚金内酯突变体叶绿素荧光特性分析. 浙江农林大学学报, 2017, 34(1): 36-41
[27] Yamada Y, Furusawa S, Nagasaka S, et al. Strigolactone signaling regulates rice leaf senescence in response to a phosphate deficiency. Planta, 2014, 240: 399-408
[28] 魏如月, 张慧兰, 阚文杰, 等. 外源独脚金内酯缓解小麦干旱胁迫的机制研究. 安徽大学学报: 自然科学版, 2021, 45(5): 98-108
[29] Tai Z, Yin X, Fang Z, et al. Exogenous GR24 alleviates cadmium toxicity by reducing cadmium uptake in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) seedlings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017, 14: 852
[30] 李润宇, 闵卓, 房玉林. 独脚金内酯对干旱胁迫‘赤霞珠’葡萄幼苗生长的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2019, 47(5): 67-77
[31] 王峰. 青稞对低氮胁迫的生理响应及交替呼吸途径影响低氮耐受性的机理研究. 博士论文. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2016
[32] 王业建. 大豆对低氮胁迫的形态和生理学响应及介导低氮胁迫miRNA的鉴定. 博士论文. 长沙: 中南大学, 2013
[33] 李强, 罗延宏, 龙文靖, 等. 低氮胁迫对不同耐低氮性玉米品种苗期生长和生理特性的影响. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 204-212
[34] Lu T, Yu HJ, Li Q, et al. Improving plant growth and alleviating photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress from low-light stress with exogenous GR24 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019, 10: 490
[35] Sharifi P, Bidabad SS. Strigolactone could enhances gas-exchange through augmented antioxidant defense system in Salvia nemorosa L. plants subjected to saline conditions stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 2020, 151: 112460
[36] 唐超男. 外源独脚金内酯调控辣椒幼苗低温耐受性的生理与分子机制. 博士论文. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2021
[37] 万林, 李张开, 李素, 等. 外源独脚金内酯对油菜苗期干旱胁迫的缓解效应. 中国油料作物学报, 2020, 42(3): 461-471
[38] 邓若磊, 徐海荣, 曹云飞, 等. 植物吸收铵态氮的分子生物学基础. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13(3): 512-519
[39] 秦永梅, 伊六喜, 赵小庆, 等. 硝酸盐胁迫对玉米幼苗氮同化相关酶的影响. 华北农学报, 2015, 30(4): 105-109
[40] Erenoglu EB, Kutman UB, Ceylan Y, et al. Improved nitrogen nutrition enhances root uptake, root-to-shoot translocation and remobilization of zinc (65 Zn) in wheat. New Phytologist, 2011, 189: 438-448