黄土丘陵区生物结皮集雨面的集雨效果及其关键影响因子

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.012

应用生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 1645-1652.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.012

黄土丘陵区生物结皮集雨面的集雨效果及其关键影响因子

陈钧儒¹, 江子昊¹, 肖波^1,2*, 杨宇航¹, 窦韦强¹, 曹尤淞²

¹中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院/农业农村部华北耕地保育重点实验室, 北京 100193;
²中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2023-12-25 接受日期:2024-04-26 出版日期:2024-06-18 发布日期:2024-12-18
通讯作者: ^*E-mail: xiaobo@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:陈钧儒, 男, 1997年生, 博士研究生。主要从事土壤物理与水土保持研究。E-mail: chenjunru@cau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42077010)和中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划(2019)

Rainwater harvesting effect of biocrusted soil-surfaces and the key influencing factors in the hilly region of Chinese Loess Plateau

CHEN Junru¹, JIANG Zihao¹, XIAO Bo^1,2*, YANG Yuhang¹, DOU Weiqiang¹, CAO Yousong²

¹College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China;
²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2023-12-25 Accepted:2024-04-26 Online:2024-06-18 Published:2024-12-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 雨水蓄集系统是黄土丘陵区广泛用于提高水资源利用效率、减少水土流失的生态工程措施,而生物结皮作为一种潜在的集雨面制作材料,其集雨汇流的效果及关键影响因子尚不明确。本研究针对黄土丘陵区风沙土发育的藻类和藓类生物结皮,以裸土为对照,分别开展了40、60、80和100 mm·h^-1降雨强度下的野外模拟试验,比较了不同降雨强度条件下裸土与生物结皮集雨面的初始产流时间、累积集雨量和集雨效率的差异,并进一步揭示了影响生物结皮集雨效果的关键因子。结果表明: 生物结皮集雨面显著降低了初始产流时间,且藓结皮效果显著优于藻结皮。当雨强为40～100 mm·h^-1、坡度为40°时,藓结皮的初始产流时间比藻结皮和裸土分别降低了49.7%～77.5%和89.7%～110.0%。生物结皮集雨面显著增加了累积集雨量和集雨效率。当雨强为100 mm·h^-1、坡度为40°时,与裸土相比,藓结皮和藻结皮的累积集雨量分别增加了29.6%和7.8%,集雨效率分别提高了25.7%和6.8%。方差分析表明,坡度、雨强和地表覆盖类型均能显著影响集雨效率,且除坡度与雨强外其他因素间交互作用显著。此外,集雨面坡长、坡度及生物结皮培育方式等是布设集雨小区时需统筹考虑的关键影响因子。综上,黄土丘陵区生物结皮集雨面具有良好的集雨效率且藓结皮集雨效果更佳,随着坡度和雨强增加其集雨效率更优。

关键词: 生物土壤结皮, 土壤入渗, 节水措施, 水土保持, 生态恢复

Abstract: In the hilly region of Chinese Loess Plateau, rainwater harvesting is a common ecological engineering measure utilized to reduce soil erosion and amplify the efficiency of water resource utilization. However, the effects on rainwater harvesting and the chief influencing factors of biocrusts as a potential material are unclear. In this study, we conducted a field simulation experiment with intensities of 40, 60, 80, and 100 mm·h^-1 between bare soil and biocrusts developed in aeolian soils, with bare soil as a control to explore the differences of the initial abstraction time, cumulative rainfall amount, and rainfall harvesting efficiency. We further analyzed the influencing factors of the rainwater harvesting effect. The results showed that the biocrusted soil-surfaces significantly decreased the initial abstraction time. When compared with the cyano biocrusts and bare soil, the reduction of the initial abstraction time of moss biocrusts was decreased by 49.7%-77.5% and 89.7%-110.0% when the rainfall intensities ranged from 40 to 100 mm·h^-1 and the slope was 40°. In addition, biocrusted soil surfaces significantly increased the cumulative rainfall amount and rainfall harvesting efficiency. These differences were considerable amongst the dissimilar surface cover types. In comparison to bare soil, when the rainfall intensity was 100 mm·h^-1 and the slope was 40°, the cumulative rainfall harvesting efficiency of moss and cyano biocrusts was increased by 29.6% and 7.8%, respectively. Both moss and cyano biocrusts increased rainfall harvesting efficiency of 25.7% and 6.8%, respectively. Variance analysis demonstrated that the rainfall harvesting efficiency was appreciably affected by surface cover type, slope, and rainfall intensity. The interaction between these factors was considerable except for slope and rainfall intensity. Additionally, important considerations for the actual construction included slope length, slope, and biocrust cultivation. In conclusion, biocrusted soil-surfaces have a high rainfall harvesting efficiency, but moss biocrusts have a much greater rain-collecting effect that improves even more as the slope and intensity of the rain increases.

Key words: biological soil crusts, soil infiltration, water conservation measures, soil and water conservation, ecological restoration

陈钧儒, 江子昊, 肖波, 杨宇航, 窦韦强, 曹尤淞. 黄土丘陵区生物结皮集雨面的集雨效果及其关键影响因子[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(6): 1645-1652.

CHEN Junru, JIANG Zihao, XIAO Bo, YANG Yuhang, DOU Weiqiang, CAO Yousong. Rainwater harvesting effect of biocrusted soil-surfaces and the key influencing factors in the hilly region of Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(6): 1645-1652.

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黄土丘陵区生物结皮集雨面的集雨效果及其关键影响因子

Rainwater harvesting effect of biocrusted soil-surfaces and the key influencing factors in the hilly region of Chinese Loess Plateau

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