苏北滨海土壤无机碳组成和储量及其控制因子

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202408.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤无机碳特别是成土碳酸盐的固定是滨海地区降低大气二氧化碳浓度,缓解气候变化的重要途径之一。本研究选取江苏省北部滨海地区的互花米草湿地(SA)、碱蓬湿地(SS)、幼龄杨树人工林(YP)和成熟杨树人工林(MP),分层采集不同深度的土壤样品(0～10、11～20、21～40、41～60、61～80和81～100 cm),利用¹³C稳定同位素技术,分析了不同土壤的无机碳组成和储量的差异,并探究了影响成土碳酸盐储量的关键土壤理化性质。结果表明: 除MP表层土壤(0～10 cm)外,其余土壤的无机碳含量均高于有机碳含量。整体而言,SA和SS土壤成土碳酸盐占无机碳的比例和无机碳储量的差异均不显著。与湿地土壤相比(0～40 cm),YP和MP土壤的成土碳酸盐占无机碳的比例分别降低了32.7%和54.1%,成土碳酸盐储量分别降低了40.5%和59.2%,成岩碳酸盐储量没有显著变化,无机碳储量分别降低了21.0%和17.9%。与YP土壤相比(0～100 cm),MP土壤的成土碳酸盐占无机碳的比例和成土碳酸盐储量均显著降低而成岩碳酸盐储量显著升高,尤其是41～100 cm土层,而无机碳储量没有显著变化。结构方程模型表明,土壤成土碳酸盐占无机碳的比例是影响成土碳酸盐储量的最重要因子,其次是有机碳含量和容重,并且土壤有机碳抑制了成土碳酸盐的形成。综上,滨海湿地土壤比杨树人工林土壤具有更大的无机碳储量和固定潜力,通过改变成土碳酸盐占无机碳的比例和有机碳含量能够调控该地区土壤成土碳酸盐的固定。

关键词: 无机碳, 成土碳酸盐, 成岩碳酸盐, 碳储量, 人工林, 滨海湿地

Abstract: The sequestration of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) especially pedogenic carbonate (PC) is one of the important pathways reducing the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and thus mitigating climate change in coastal areas. Using the technology of ¹³C stable isotope, we analyzed the differences in the composition and storage of SIC, and explored the key physicochemical properties influencing soil PC storage in different horizons (0-10, 11-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80 and 81-100 cm) from Suaeda salsa wetland (SS), Spartina alterniflora wetland (SA), young poplar plantation (YP), and mature poplar plantation (MP) in coastal area of the northern Jiangsu Province. The results showed that except for the surface (0-10 cm) soil in MP, the SIC content was higher than SOC in all soil horizons. Overall, neither the soil PC to SIC ratio nor the SIC storage were significantly different in SA and SS soils. Compared to wetland soils (0-40 cm), the soil PC to SIC ratio was reduced by 32.7% and 54.1% and the PC storage was reduced by 40.5% and 59.2%, the lithogenic carbonate (LC) storage changed little, while the SIC storage was reduced by 21.0% and 17.9%, respectively in the YP and MP soils. Compared to the YP soils (0-100 cm), both the soil PC to SIC ratio and the PC storage were significantly reduced while the LC storage was significantly increased, especially at the 41-100 cm soil horizons, meanwhile, the SIC storage was not significantly changed in the MP soils. Results of the structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that key factors influencing soil PC storage were the ratio of PC to SIC, followed by the SOC content and bulk density. SOC could inhibit the formation of soil PC. Generally, the coastal wetlands have greater SIC storage and sequestration potential than poplar plantations, and the PC sequestration can be regulated by modulating the ratio of PC to SIC and SOC content.

Key words: inorganic carbon, pedogenic carbonate, lithogenic carbonate, carbon storage, plantation, coastal wetland

卢伟伟, 杨佳. 苏北滨海土壤无机碳组成和储量及其控制因子[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(8): 2131-2140.

LU Weiwei, YANG Jia. Composition and storage of soil inorganic carbon as well as the controlling factors in coastal area of the northern Jiangsu, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(8): 2131-2140.

参考文献

[1] Zamanian K, Zhou J, Kuzyakov Y. Soil carbonates: The unaccounted, irrecoverable carbon source. Geoderma, 2021, 384: 114817
[2] Pan GX, Guo T. Pedogenic carbonate of aridic soils in China and its significance in carbon sequestration in terrestrial systems//Lal R, Kimble JM, StewartBA, et al. Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates. Boca Raton, FL, USA: Lewis Publishers, 1999: 135-148
[3] Cardinael R, Chevallier T, Guenet B, et al. Organic carbon decomposition rates with depth and contribution of inorganic carbon to CO₂ emissions under a Mediterranean agroforestry system. European Journal of Soil Science, 2020, 71: 909-923
[4] Groshans GR, Mikhailova EA, Post CJ, et al. Accoun-ting for soil inorganic carbon in the ecosystem services framework for United Nations sustainable development goals. Geoderma, 2018, 324: 37-46
[5] Hong SB, Chen AP. Contrasting responses of soil inorganic carbon to afforestation in acidic versus alkaline soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2022, 36: e2021GB007038
[6] Liu ZP, Shao MA, Wang YQ. Effect of environmental factors on regional soil organic carbon stocks across the Loess Plateau region, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2011, 142: 184-194
[7] Han XY, Gao GY, Li ZS, et al. Effects of plantation age and precipitation gradient on soil carbon and nitrogen changes following afforestation in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Land Degradation and Development, 2019, 30: 2298-2310
[8] Bai SG, Jiao Y, Yang WZ, et al. Review of progress in soil inorganic carbon research. IOP Conference Series: Earth Environment Science, 2017, 100: 012129
[9] Xu WQ, Chen X, Luo GP, et al. Progress of soil carbon cycle research based on stable isotope technology. Arid Land Geography, 2014, 37: 980-987
[10] Kuzyakov Y, Shevtzova E, Pustovoytov K. Carbonate re-crystallization in soil revealed by ¹⁴C labeling: Experi-ment, model and significance for paleo-environmental reconstructions. Geoderma, 2006, 131: 45-58
[11] Monger HC, Kraimer R, Khresat S, et al. Sequestration of inorganic carbon in soil and groundwater. Geology, 2015, 43: 375-378
[12] Zamanian K, Pustovoytov K, Kuzyakov Y. Pedogenic carbonates: Forms and formation processes. Earth-Science Reviews, 2016, 157: 1-17
[13] Khalidy R, Arnaud E, Santos RM. Natural and human-induced factors on the accumulation and migration of pedogenic carbonate in soil: A review. Land, 2022, 11: 1448
[14] Sasmito SD, Taillardat P, Clendenning JN. Effect of land-use and land cover change on mangrove blue carbon: A systematic review. Global Change Biology, 2019, 25: 4291-4302
[15] 党春荣. 基于不同尺度的土壤无机碳动态变化的影响因素识别及其影响机制研究. 硕士论文. 青岛: 青岛大学, 2022
[16] 刘亚男, 郗敏, 张希丽, 等. 中国湿地碳储量分布特征及其影响因素. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(7): 2481-2489
[17] Gao Y, Tian J, Pang Y, et al. Soil inorganic carbon sequestration following afforestation is probably induced by pedogenic carbonate formation in Northwest China. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017, 8: 1282
[18] Zhu YS, Wang YD, Guo CC, et al. Conversion of coastal marshes to croplands decreases organic carbon but increases inorganic carbon in saline soils. Land Degradation and Development, 2020, 31: 1099-1109
[19] 谭立山. 土地利用、覆被变化对滨海湿地碳、氮组分的影响研究. 博士论文. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2022
[20] Wang XX, Xiao XM, Zou ZH, et al. Tracking annual changes of coastal tidal flats in China during 1986-2016 through analyses of Landsat images with Google Earth Engine. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2020, 238: 110987
[21] Yang W, Zhao H, Chen XL, et al. Consequences of short-term C4 plant Spartina alterniflora invasions for soil organic carbon dynamics in a coastal wetland of Eastern China. Ecological Engineering, 2013, 61: 50-57
[22] 李建国, 濮励杰, 徐彩瑶, 等. 1977—2014年江苏中部滨海湿地演化与围垦空间演变趋势. 地理学报, 2015, 70(1): 17-28
[23] 李建国, 王文超, 濮励杰, 等. 滩涂围垦对盐沼湿地碳收支的影响研究进展. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(6): 599-614
[24] Wang SH, Lu WW, Zhang FC. Vertical distribution and controlling factors of soil inorganic carbon in poplar plantations of coastal Eastern China. Forests, 2022, 13: 83
[25] Midwood AJ, Boutton TW. Soil carbonate decomposition by acid has little effect on δ¹³C of organic matter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998, 30: 1301-1307
[26] 梁翠翠, 尹希杰, 徐勇航, 等. GasBench Ⅱ-IRMS测定微量碳酸盐中碳氧同位素比值方法研究. 同位素, 2015, 28(1): 41-47
[27] Salomons W, Mook WG. Isotope geochemistry of carbo-nate dissolution and reprecipitation in soils. Soil Science, 1976, 122: 15-24
[28] Wang XJ, Xu MG, Wang JP, et al. Fertilization enhancing carbon sequestration as carbonate in arid cropland: Assessments of long-term experiments in Northern China. Plant and Soil, 2014, 380: 89-100
[29] Nordt LC, Hallmark CT, Wilding LP, et al. Quantifying pedogenic carbonate accumulations using stable carbon isotopes. Geoderma, 1998, 82: 115-136
[30] Cerling TE. The stable isotopic composition of modern soil carbonate and its relationship to climate. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1984, 71: 229-240
[31] Cerling TE. Stable carbon isotopes in palaeosol carbo-nates//Thiry M, Simon-Coinçon R, eds. Palaeowea-thering, Palaeosurfaces and Related Continental Deposits. Gent, Belgium: International Association of Sedimento-logists, 1999, 27: 43-60
[32] Quade J, Cerling TE, Bowman JR. Systematic variations in the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of pedogenic carbonate along elevation transects in the Southern Great Basin, United States. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1989, 101: 464-475
[33] Lu ZY, Xiao K, Wang FF, et al. Salt marsh invasion reduces recalcitrant organic carbon pool while increases lateral export of dissolved inorganic carbon in a subtropical mangrove wetland. Geoderma, 2023, 437: 116573
[34] Bughio MA, Wang PL, Meng FQ, et al. Neoformation of pedogenic carbonates by irrigation and fertilization and their contribution to carbon sequestration in soil. Geoderma, 2016, 262: 12-19
[35] Liu WG, Wei J, Cheng JM, et al. Profile distribution of soil inorganic carbon along a chronosequence of grassland restoration on a 22-year scale in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Catena, 2014, 121: 321-329
[36] 蒋小董. 毛乌素沙地防护林恢复土壤无机碳累积效应与机制. 硕士论文. 陕西杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2020
[37] Ehleringer JR, Buchmann N, Flanagan LB. Carbon isotope ratios in belowground carbon cycle processes. Ecological Applications, 2000, 10: 412-422
[38] 黄奇波, 覃小群, 刘朋雨, 等. 半干旱岩溶区土壤次生碳酸盐比例及对岩溶碳汇计算的影响. 中国岩溶, 2016, 35(2): 164-172
[39] 张林, 孙向阳, 高程达, 等. 荒漠草原土壤次生碳酸盐形成和周转过程中固存CO₂的研究. 土壤学报, 2011, 48(3): 578-586
[40] 潘根兴, 曹建华, 周运超. 土壤碳及其在地球表层系统碳循环中的意义. 第四纪研究, 2000, 20(4): 325-334
[41] Zhang H, Yin AJ, Yang XH, et al. Changes in surface soil organic/inorganic carbon concentrations and their driving forces in reclaimed coastal tidal flats. Geoderma, 2019, 352: 150-159
[42] Wang YG, Wang ZY, Li Y. Storage/turnover rate of inorganic carbon and its dissolvable part in the profile of saline/alkaline soils. PLoS One, 2013, 8(11): e82029
[43] Chang RY, Fu BJ, Liu GH, et al. The effects of affo-restation on soil organic and inorganic carbon: A case study of the Loess Plateau of China. Catena, 2012, 95: 145-152
[44] Wu H, Guo Z, Gao Q, et al. Distribution of soil inorganic carbon storage and its changes due to agricultural land use activity in China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2009, 129: 413-421
[45] Shi Y, Baumann F, Ma Y, et al. Organic and inorganic carbon in the topsoil of the Mongolian and Tibetan grasslands: Pattern, control and implications. Biogeoscien-ces, 2012, 9: 2287-2299