氮磷添加对大兴安岭典型泥炭地植物群落的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202508.003

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 2353-2360.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202508.003

氮磷添加对大兴安岭典型泥炭地植物群落的影响

曾真¹, 于乐琳¹, 张新厚², 毛瑢^1,2,3*

¹江西农业大学林学院, 鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 南昌 330045;
²中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130102;
³江西马头山森林生态系统定位监测研究站, 江西抚州 335300

收稿日期:2025-04-08 接受日期:2025-05-25 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2026-02-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: maorong@jxau.edu.cn
作者简介:曾真, 女, 2000年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事湿地生态修复研究。E-mail: zengzhen2001@stu.jxau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42371051)

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on plant community in a typical peatland of the Greater Khingan Mountains, China

ZENG Zhen¹, YU Lelin¹, ZHANG Xinhou², MAO Rong^1,2,3*

¹Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
²CAS Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Institute of Northeast Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
³Matoushan Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Fuzhou 335300, Jiangxi, China

Received:2025-04-08 Accepted:2025-05-25 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2026-02-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究在大兴安岭北部典型泥炭地开展长期原位氮磷添加试验,研究氮(6 g N·m^-2·a^-1)、磷(2 g P·m^-2·a^-1)添加4、6和8年后物种优势度、群落多样性和地上部生物量,分析养分有效性增加对植物群落结构的影响。结果表明: 磷添加对落叶灌木、常绿灌木、莎草、禾草、杂类草、苔藓和地衣优势度没有显著影响;而氮添加显著提高了落叶灌木和禾草重要值及优势度,降低了苔藓和地衣重要值及优势度,而且影响幅度随着试验年限增加而增加。氮和磷添加均降低了物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度,其中氮添加引起的物种多样性降低主要由常绿灌木、苔藓和地衣消失引起,而磷添加引起的物种多样性降低则主要由杂类草、苔藓消失引起。磷添加没有改变植物地上部生物量,但氮添加导致常绿灌木、苔藓和地衣的地上部生物量降低,并引起落叶灌木和禾草地上部生物量增加。氮和磷添加对植物地上部生物量产生显著的交互作用,氮添加和氮磷同时添加处理地上部生物量比对照分别显著高87%和128%。研究表明,养分富集能促进植物生长,但引起物种多样性降低,而且影响强度随时间延长而增大。

关键词: 北方泥炭地, 氮沉降, 养分富集, 物种多样性, 植物生物量

Abstract: To analyze the impacts of increased nutrient availability on plant community structure, we conducted a long-term field N and P addition experiment in a typical peatland in the north of Greater Khingan Mountain and investigated species dominance, community diversity, and aboveground biomass after four, six, and eight years of N (6 g N·m^-2·a^-1) and P (2 g P·m^-2·a^-1) addition. The results showed that P addition did not affect the dominances of deciduous shrub, evergreen shrub, sedge, grass, forb, moss, and lichen. However, N addition significantly increased the importance values and dominances of deciduous shrub and grass but reduced the importance values and dominances of moss and lichen. The magnitude of N addition effects increased with elevating experimental duration. Both N and P addition decreased species richness, diversity, and evenness. The N addition-induced decline in species diversity primarily resulted from the disappearance of evergreen shrub, moss, and lichen, whereas decreased species diversity under P addition were mainly caused by the loss of forb and moss. Phosphorus addition did not affect aboveground biomass of plants, while N addition significantly reduced aboveground biomass of evergreen shrub, moss, and lichen and increased that of deciduous shrub and grass. Nitrogen and P addition produced a significant interaction on aboveground plant biomass in this community. Nitrogen addition and combined N and P addition treatments had 87% and 128% greater aboveground plant biomass than the control, respectively. These results suggested that nutrient enrichment could promote plant growth but induce reductions in species diversity, and such effect would be amplified by increasing experimental duration.

Key words: boreal peatland, nitrogen deposition, nutrient enrichment, species diversity, plant biomass

曾真, 于乐琳, 张新厚, 毛瑢. 氮磷添加对大兴安岭典型泥炭地植物群落的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(8): 2353-2360.

ZENG Zhen, YU Lelin, ZHANG Xinhou, MAO Rong. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on plant community in a typical peatland of the Greater Khingan Mountains, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(8): 2353-2360.

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氮磷添加对大兴安岭典型泥炭地植物群落的影响

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on plant community in a typical peatland of the Greater Khingan Mountains, China

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