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应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 1055-1065.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202604.005

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

行距配置对杏树-苜蓿间作系统根系分布及种间竞争的影响

宿可1, 刘婷婷1,2, 申磊1, 杨粟1, 谢辉3, 张伟1*   

  1. 1石河子大学农学院, 新疆石河子 832000;
    2新疆应用职业技术学院, 新疆奎屯 833200;
    3新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院果蔬研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-12 修回日期:2026-03-03 出版日期:2026-04-18 发布日期:2026-05-29
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: bluesky2002040@163.com
  • 作者简介:宿 可, 女, 2001年生, 博士研究生。主要从事作物耕作与栽培研究。E-mail: 1805605890@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32260723)、新疆应用职业技术学院高级别培育项目(XJYY2025KZX01)和新疆杏产业技术体系项目(XJLGCYJSTX03-2025-02)

Effects of row spacing configuration on root distribution and interspecific competition in an apricot-alfalfa intercropping system

XU Ke1, LIU Tingting1,2, SHEN Lei1, YANG Su1, XIE Hui3, ZHANG Wei1*   

  1. 1Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China;
    2Xinjiang Applied Vocational Technical College, Kuitun 833200, Xinjiang, China;
    3Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
  • Received:2025-12-12 Revised:2026-03-03 Online:2026-04-18 Published:2026-05-29

摘要: 本研究设置了单作杏树(X)、单作苜蓿(A,行距20 cm)、单作苜蓿(B,行距30 cm)、杏树间作苜蓿(JA,苜蓿行距20 cm)和杏树间作苜蓿(JB,苜蓿行距30 cm)5个处理,测定2020—2022年作物根系形态、土壤含水量及地上部产量,分析行距配置对种间竞争和资源利用的影响。结果表明:杏树与苜蓿根系在垂直方向形成生态位分化,杏树根系主要分布在40~60 cm土层,苜蓿根系主要分布在20~40 cm土层,有助于资源互补利用。间作使杏树根干重下降28.2%~48.7%,比根长增加9.5%~66.7%,苜蓿近树区根干重下降72.7%~80.6%,比根长增加44.3%~56.9%。间作系统土壤含水量显著高于单作。JA处理杏树与苜蓿根干重呈显著负相关,JB处理相关性不显著,表明30 cm行距有效缓解了根系的种间竞争。随共生年限增加,苜蓿竞争力逐渐增强,JB处理实现竞争关系逆转;两种间作处理土地当量比均大于1.0,其中JB处理达1.31。30 cm行距通过降低苜蓿群体密度,减轻根系空间重叠、缓解水分竞争,实现了更高的系统生产力和土地利用效率,建议在干旱地区推广杏树-苜蓿30 cm行距间作模式。上述结果可为区域农林复合系统的可持续发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 杏树-苜蓿间作, 根系分布, 种间竞争, 土地当量比, 行距配置

Abstract: We analyzed the effects of row spacing configuration on interspecific competition and resource utilization under five treatments: monoculture Prunus armeniaca (X), monoculture Medicago sativa (A, 20 cm row spacing), monoculture M. sativa (B, 30 cm row spacing), P. armeniaca-M. sativa intercropping (JA, 20 cm row spacing), and P. armeniaca-M. sativa intercropping (JB, 30 cm row spacing) to measure root morphology, soil water content, and aboveground yield from 2020 to 2022. The results showed that P. armeniaca and M. sativa roots exhibited vertical differentiation, with P. armeniaca roots mainly distributing in 40-60 cm soil layer and M. sativa roots concentrating in 20-40 cm soil layer. Such differentiation would facilitate complementary resource utilization. Intercropping decreased root dry weight of P. armeniaca trees by 28.2%-48.7%, but increased specific root length by 9.5%-66.7%. For M. sativa in the near-tree zone, root dry weight decreased by 72.7%-80.6%, while specific root length increased by 44.3%-56.9%. Soil water content in the intercropping system was significantly higher than that in monoculture. Root dry weight of P. armeniaca and M. sativa showed a highly significant negative correlation in JA treatment, but no correlation in JB treatment, indicating that 30 cm row spacing could effectively alleviate root interspecific competition. M. sativa competitiveness gradually increased with coexistence duration, and competitive reversal occurred in JB treatment. Land equivalent ratio exceeded 1.0 in both intercropping treatments, rea-ching 1.31 in JB treatment. The 30 cm row spacing achieved higher system productivity and land use efficiency by reducing M. sativa population density, decreasing root spatial overlap, and alleviating water competition. The 30 cm row spacing was recommended for P. armeniaca-M. sativa intercropping in arid regions. Our findings would provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of the agroforestry system.

Key words: Prunusd armeniaca-Medicago sativa intercropping, root distribution, interspecific competition, land equivalent ratio, row spacing configuration