泥沙淤积和种间竞争对辣蓼生长及生态化学计量特征的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202507.008

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 2046-2054.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202507.008

泥沙淤积和种间竞争对辣蓼生长及生态化学计量特征的影响

黄如^1,2, 李峰^1,3*, 余炜诚¹, 李卓雅^1,4

¹中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 洞庭湖湿地生态系统观测研究站, 长沙 410125;
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
³自然资源部洞庭湖流域生态保护修复工程技术创新中心, 长沙 410004;
⁴湖南师范大学, 长沙 410081

收稿日期:2025-03-23 接受日期:2025-05-17 出版日期:2025-07-18 发布日期:2026-01-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: changshalifeng@163.com
作者简介:黄如, 女, 2001年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事湿地植物种间关系研究。E-mail: 18190509621@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3208703)、国家自然科学基金项目(42171062)、安徽省省级环境保护科研项目(2023hb0001)、湖南省水利科技项目(XSKJ2024064-59)和湖南省科技创新平台计划项目(2022PT1010)

Effects of sediment deposition and interspecific competition on the growth and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of Polygonum hydropiper

HUANG Ru^1,2, LI Feng^1,3*, YU Weicheng¹, LI Zhuoya^1,4

¹Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
³Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Conservation and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410004, China;
⁴Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China

Received:2025-03-23 Accepted:2025-05-17 Online:2025-07-18 Published:2026-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以短尖薹草为竞争植物,设置4种淤积厚度(0、3、6、12 cm)和4种竞争模式(无竞争、全部竞争、地上竞争、地下竞争),分析洞庭湖典型湿地植物辣蓼的生长及化学计量特征。结果表明: 淤积厚度和竞争模式均对辣蓼总生物量的积累产生显著影响。适度淤积(3～6 cm)可促进辣蓼生物量积累,过度淤积(12 cm)则抑制其生长;在竞争处理中,全部竞争模式下辣蓼的总生物量最低;在6 cm淤积且无竞争的条件下,辣蓼单株总生物量最高,为10.89 g。在各竞争模式下,辣蓼受到的竞争强度随淤积厚度增加呈现先升后降趋势。在有淤积条件下,竞争作用导致辣蓼的根冠比下降、比叶面积升高,表明其在竞争压力下资源分配向地上部分倾斜;在无淤积条件下,竞争显著抑制植株高度,反映辣蓼在资源受限时可能减少垂直生长投入,以维持稳态平衡,表现出一种保守型的生长策略。有竞争条件下,泥沙淤积显著提高了辣蓼地上部分的氮含量和地下部分的碳含量;在各淤积处理中,竞争导致辣蓼地上和地下部分的磷含量及C/N均呈上升趋势,而N/P和C/P显著下降。相关性分析表明,辣蓼总生物量与地上部分的氮含量呈显著正相关,而与地下部分的氮含量、磷含量和N/P呈显著负相关;比叶面积和株高则与地上部磷含量呈显著正相关。综上,辣蓼通过降低根冠比、增加比叶面积,以及C/N升高,C/P和N/P降低的元素化学调节机制,有效应对不同淤积厚度与竞争模式的复合胁迫。

关键词: 湿地植物, 泥沙淤积, 种间竞争, 生态化学计量

Abstract: With Carex brevicuspis as the competitor species, we set four sedimentation depths (0, 3, 6, and 12 cm) and four competition treatments (no competition, full competition, aboveground competition, and belowground competition) to assess the growth and stoichiometric traits of Polygonum hydropiper, a representative wetland plant in Dongting Lake. The results showed that both sedimentation and competition significantly affected the total biomass of P. hydropiper. Moderate sedimentation (3-6 cm) facilitated biomass accumulation, whereas excessive sedimentation (12 cm) suppressed growth. P. hydropiper had the lowest total biomass under full competition. Under 6 cm sedimentation without competition, P. hydropiper exhibited the highest individual biomass (10.89 g). Under all competition treatments, the intensity of competition experienced by P. hydropiper increased initially and then decreased as sedimentation depth increased. Under sedimentation condition, competition led to a decrease in the root-to-shoot ratio and an increase in specific leaf area of P. hydropiper, indicating a shift in resource allocation toward aboveground part under competition pressure. Under no sedimentation, competition significantly suppressed plant height, suggesting that P. hydropiper would reduce vertical growth investment under resource-limited condition, indicating a conservative growth strategy. Under the competition condition, sedimentation significantly increased nitrogen content in aboveground part and carbon content in belowground part. Across sedimentation treatments, competition increased phosphorus content and C/N in both aboveground and belowground, while significantly reduced N/P and C/P. Total biomass was positively correlated with nitrogen in aboveground tissues but negatively correlated with nitrogen, phosphorus, and N/P in belowground part. Specific leaf area and plant height were positively associated with aboveground phosphorus. In conclusion, P. hydropiper effectively responded to the combined stress of varying sedimentation depths and competition through reducing root-to-shoot ratio, increasing specific leaf area, elevating the C/N, and lowering the C/P and N/P.

Key words: wetland plant, sediment deposition, interspecific competition, ecological stoichiometry

黄如, 李峰, 余炜诚, 李卓雅. 泥沙淤积和种间竞争对辣蓼生长及生态化学计量特征的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(7): 2046-2054.

HUANG Ru, LI Feng, YU Weicheng, LI Zhuoya. Effects of sediment deposition and interspecific competition on the growth and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of Polygonum hydropiper[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(7): 2046-2054.

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泥沙淤积和种间竞争对辣蓼生长及生态化学计量特征的影响

Effects of sediment deposition and interspecific competition on the growth and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of Polygonum hydropiper

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