不同农作方式红壤坡耕地土壤氮素流失特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用径流小区法研究了6种不同农作方式土壤N素的流失特征.结果表明,同顺坡农作方式相比,其它农作方式均有明显控制土壤N素流失的作用,水平草带、水平沟、等高耕种、休闲、等高土埂等农作方式分别减少土壤N素流失量43.46%、46.55%、71.36%、77.05%和87.92%,等高耕种、等高土埂、休闲等农作方式控制土壤N素流失优于水平沟和水平草带农作方式.坡耕地土壤N素的流失途径主要为径流流失,约占土壤N素流失量81.9%～93.4%,径流流失的N素中又以水溶态N素为主,约占径流流失N素的78%～87.6%.坡耕地土壤N素流失主要集中在5～8月份,占全年流失量的85%～100%.

关键词: 农作方式, 坡耕地, 红壤, N素流失, 凋落物量, 穿透雨减少, 叶面积指数, 胸径生长, 马尾松, 红锥

Abstract: The characteristics of nitrogen loss under six types of cultivation practices were studied in Lanxi Water and Soil Conservation Supervision Station of Zhejiang Province. The results showed that compared with the traditional cultivation practice (treatment 5, straight farming), the other cultivation practices including grass strip, contour ditch, contour farming, contour dam, and fallow decreased soil nitrogen loss significantly, and the percentages of nitrogen loss under the 5 types of cultivation practices decreased by 43.46%, 46.55%, 71.36%, 77.05%, and 87.92%, respectively. Soil nitrogen lost mainly with runoff, and it accounted for 81.9～93.4% of total soil nitrogen loss. Dissolved nitrogen was the major form of lost nitrogen and accounted for 78～87.6% of total lost nitrogen in runoff. Nitrogen loss was occurred mainly during May to August, and it accounted for 85～100% of total annual nitrogen loss.

Key words: Cultivated practice, Sloping field, Red soil, Nitrogen loss, throughfall reduction, Pinus massonana, leaf area index, litterfall production, diameter growth, Castanopsis hystrix

中图分类号:

S143.1

袁东海, 王兆骞, 陈欣, 郭新波, 张如良. 不同农作方式红壤坡耕地土壤氮素流失特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, (7): 863-866.

YUAN Donghai, WANG Zhaoqian, CHEN Xin, GUO Xinbo, ZHANG Ruliang . Characteristics of nitrogen loss from sloping field in red soil area under different cultivation practices[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, (7): 863-866.

参考文献

[1] Bloodworth H and Lane M.1996.Covers and conservation tillage for sweet-potato.J Water Conser,51(6):365～371
[2] Carroll C,Halpin,et al.1997.The effect of crop type,crop rotation,and tillage practice on runoff and soil loss on a vertisol in central Queensland.Aust J Soil Res,35:925～939
[3] Department of Biology,Yunnan University(云南大学生物系编)ed.1980.Plant Ecology.Beijing:Peoples Education Press.189～191(in Chinese)
[4] Gaynor JD and Findlay WI.1995.Soil and phosphorus loss from conservation and conventional tillage in corn production J Environ Qual,24:734～741
[5] Huang L(黄丽),Ding S-W(丁树文),et al.1998.Study on nutrient losses of purple soil in three Gorges reservoir region.J Soil Erosion et Water Conser(土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报),4(1):8～13(in Chinese)
[6] Huang M-X(黄满湘),Zhang S(章申),Tang Y-J(唐以剑),et al.2001.Nitrogen losses from runoff under simulated rainfall condition.Soil and Environ Sci(土壤与环境),10(1):6～10(in Chinese)
[7] Lao J-C(劳家柽).1988.Booklet of Soil Assay on Agriculture and Chemistry.Beijing: Agricultural Press.547(in Chinese)
[8] Lü X-X(吕喜玺),Shi D-M(史德明).1994.The law of soil nutrient variation in the erosive inferior land of the quaternary period red clay with the movement of runoff and sediment.Chin Soil Water Conser(中国水土保持),5:12～15(in Chinese)
[9] Malinda DK.1995.Factors in conservation farming that reduce erosion.Aust J Exp Agric,35:969～978
[10] Palis RG, Okwach CW,et al.1990.Soil erosion processes and nutrient loss Ⅰ.The interpretation of enrichment ratio and nitrogen loss in runoff sediment.Aust J Soil Res,28:623～639
[11] Palis RG,Okwach CW,et al.1990.Soil erosion processes and nutrient lossⅡ.The effect of contact cover and erosion processes on enrichment nitrogen loss in erosion sediment.Aust J Soil Res,28:623～639
[12] Robinson CA,Ghaffarzadeh M,Cruse RM.1996.Vegetative filter strip effects on sediment concentration in cropland runoff.Soil and Water Conser,50(3):227～230
[13] Sharplry AN,Simth SJ and Naney JW.1987.Envrionmental impact of agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus.J Agric Food Chem,35:812～817
[14] Wang X-X(王兴祥),Zhang T-L(张桃林),Zhang B(张斌).1999.Nutrient cycling and balance of sloping upland in red soil ecosystems.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),19(3):336～341(in Chinese)
[15] Wischmeier WH,Smith DD.1978.Predicting rainfall erosion lossesA guide to conservation planning.USDA Agricultural Handbook,No.537.Washington:US Government Printing Office.12～72
[16] Zhang X-C(张兴昌),Shao M-A(邵明安).2000.Soil nitrogen and organic matter losses under water erosion.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),11(2):231～234(in Chinese)