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长期施肥对东北黑土酶活性的影响

王树起;韩晓增;乔云发;王守宇   

  1. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 哈尔滨 150081
  • 收稿日期:2007-02-07 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-03-21 发布日期:2008-03-21

Effects of long-term fertilization on enzyme activities in black soil of Northeast China.

WANG Shu-qi; HAN Xiao-zeng; QIAO Yun-fa; WANG Shou-yu   

  1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of
    Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
  • Received:2007-02-07 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-03-21 Published:2008-03-21

摘要: 在中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站长期定位试验基础上,研究了长期施用化肥和有机肥对黑土0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和转化酶活性及土壤全碳和全氮的影响.结果表明:长期施用化肥和有机肥均不同程度地提高了0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤磷酸酶、脲酶和转化酶活性,特别是化肥和有机肥配合施用显著增加了该3种土壤酶的活性,增幅分别为43.6%~113.2%、25.9%~79.5%、14.7%~134.4%(0~20 cm)和56.1%~127.2%、14.5%~113.8%、16.2%~207.2%(20~40 cm),长期施用化肥对土壤过氧化氢酶活性影响不大.随着土层深度的增加,土壤磷酸酶、脲酶和转化酶活性均有所降低;长期施用氮肥对土壤脲酶、施用磷肥对土壤磷酸酶有明显的促进作用;长期施肥对土壤全C、全N含量及C/N也有明显影响.

关键词: 火干扰, 叶片功能性状, 兴安落叶松群落, 物种多样性, 功能多样性

Abstract: In this paper, black soil samples at the depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm were collected from the Hailun Agricultural Ecology Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences to study the effects of long-term fertilization on their urease, invertase, phosphatase and catalase activities and total C and N contents. The results showed that long-term application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure increased the activities of urease, invertase and phosphatase in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers in different degree, and the combined application of them increased the activities of the three enzymes significantly, with an increment of 43.6%-113.2%, 25.9%-79.5% and 14.7%-134.4% in 0-20 cm soil layer and 56.1%-127.2%, 14.5%-113.8% and 16.2%-207.2% in 20-40 cm soil layer, respectively. However, long-term application of chemical fertilizers without organic manure had little effects on catalase activity. The activities of urease, invertase and phosphatase decreased with increasing soil depth. Long-term application of N fertilizer increased urease activity, and P fertilization had obvious positive effect on phosphatase activity. Long-term fertilization also had obvious effects on the soil total C and N contents and C/N ratio.

Key words: fire disturbance, leaf functional trait, Larix gmelinii community, species diversity, functional diversity