陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区人类活动和植被覆盖对关键生态系统服务的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202412.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确人类活动和植被覆盖对关键生态系统服务的影响,对生态脆弱区推进生态治理、实现可持续发展具有重要意义。以陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区为研究区,量化4种关键生态系统服务(植被净初级生产力、产水服务、生境质量、土壤保持),使用夜间灯光指数、人口密度及土地利用数据表征人类活动,分析人类活动、植被覆盖和生态系统服务的时空演变,采用相关性分析和分段线性回归等方法揭示人类活动和植被覆盖对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明: 2000—2020年,研究区土壤保持量、产水量、生境质量和综合生态系统服务均呈波动上升趋势,净初级生产力呈显著上升趋势;人类活动指数先降后升,整体呈下降趋势,年均值下降17.1%,植被覆盖度先升后降,整体呈上升趋势,年均值上升9.2%;人类活动与生态系统服务整体呈负相关关系,除产水量以外,植被覆盖与各关键生态系统服务之间呈协同关系;人类活动指数对生态系统服务的影响先下降后上升;植被覆盖度对生态系统服务的影响不断上升,生态系统服务对植被变化的适应能力逐渐增强。本研究结果可为生态环境脆弱区生态修复策略的制定提供参考。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 人类活动, 植被覆盖度, 分段线性回归

Abstract: Clarifying the impacts of human activities and vegetation cover on key ecosystem services (ESs) is of significance for promoting ecological management and achieving sustainable development in ecologically fragile areas. We quantified four key ESs (net primary production, water yield, habitat quality, soil conversation) of the Loess Hilly-Gully region of Northern Shaanxi. We analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of human activities, vegetation cover, and ESs, as well as the impacts of human activities and vegetation cover on ESs by using correlation analyses and segmented linear regressions. Human activities were quantified based on night-time lighting index, population density, and land use data. Results showed that soil conservation, water yield, habitat quality, and total ecosystem service (TES) of the study area had shown a fluctuating upward trend from 2000 to 2020, and that net primary productivity showed a significant increase. The human activity index (HAI) firstly declined and then increased, with an overall downward trend, and the average annual value declined by 17.1%. The fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) first increased and then declined, with an overall rising trend, and the average annual value rose by 9.2%. There was a negative correlation between human activities and ESs, and synergistic relationships between vegetation cover and key ESs, except water production. HAI on ESs firstly decreased and then increased. The impact of FVC on ESs was constantly increasing, and the adaptability of ecosystem services to vegetation changes was gradually strengthening. Our results could provide a reference for the formulation of ecological restoration strategies in ecologically fragile areas.

Key words: ecosystem service, human activity, vegetation coverage, piecewise linear regression

员学锋, 施林童, 杨悦, 安骐岷. 陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区人类活动和植被覆盖对关键生态系统服务的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(12): 3235-3246.

YUAN Xuefeng, SHI Lintong, YANG Yue, AN Qimin. Impacts of human activities and vegetation cover on key ecosystem services in the Loess Hilly-Gully region of Northern Shaanxi, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(12): 3235-3246.

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