石川河流域底栖动物生物完整性指数构建与健康评价

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 石川河是黄河第一大支流渭河的一级支流,流域位于陕西关中平原北部地区,生态环境具有脆弱性和复杂性。于2022年2月(冬季)和5月(春季)以及2023年8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对石川河流域4条河流进行系统的水生态调查。石川河流域共鉴定底栖动物148种,物种数呈现春季(85)>秋季(71)>冬季(56)>夏季(47),平均密度(ind·m^-2)为秋季(91.2)>冬季(88.9)>春季(53.9)>夏季(41.9),平均生物量(g·m^-2)为秋季(2.8)>冬季(0.8)>春季(0.5)>夏季(0.4)。通过对研究区域4个季节底栖动物26个参数进行分布范围检验、判别能力分析和相关性分析,构建石川河流域底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI),进而对20个样点(5个参照点和15个受损点)进行B-IBI健康评价,石川河流域的生物完整性呈现显著的时空差异。从时间上来看,石川河流域处于亚健康或健康状态的样点数为秋季(13)>夏季(11)、冬季(11)>春季(9),其中秋季的健康状况最好。从空间上来看,处于亚健康或健康状态样点数为山区段(29)>平原段(15),山区段的健康状况较好。石川河流域底栖动物的密度、生物量和生物完整性均呈现山区段高于平原段的规律。影响四季底栖动物群落结构的环境因子为水深、流速、总磷、铵态氮、电导率、水温、溶解氧、硅、硝态氮、总氮和总溶解性固体。研究结果可对石川河流域底栖动物生态管理与修复工作提供支撑。

关键词: 石川河流域, 底栖动物, 群落结构, 底栖动物完整性指数, 健康评价

Abstract: The Shichuan River is a primary tributary of the Weihe River and the largest tributary of the Yellow River, which flows through the northern part of the Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province. This region is characterized by a delicate and complex ecological environment. We conducted systematic aquatic ecological investigations on four rivers in the Shichuan River Basin in February 2022 (winter), May 2022 (spring), August 2023 (summer), and November 2023 (autumn). A total of 148 benthic macroinvertebrate species were recorded. The number of species followed the pattern of spring (85)>autumn (71)>winter (56)>summer (47). The average density (ind·m^-2) was in an order of autumn (91.2)>winter (88.9)>spring (53.9)>summer (41.9). The average biomass (g·m^-2) exhibited autumn (2.8)>winter (0.8)>spring (0.5)>summer (0.4). By conducting distribution range tests, discriminant analysis, and correlation analysis on 26 parameters of benthic animals in four seasons, we constructed a benthic integrity index (B-IBI) for the Shichuan River Basin. Subsequently, we evaluated the B-IBI health of 20 sampling points (5 reference points and 15 damaged points) which presented significant spatiotemporal variations in the biological integrity. The number of sampling points in a sub-healthy or healthy state in the Shichuan River Basin was in an order of autumn (13)>summer (11), winter (11)>spring (9), with the health condition being the best in autumn. Spatially, the number of sampling points in a sub-healthy or healthy state in the mountainous section (29) was greater than that in the plain section (15), and the health condition in the mountainous section was the better. Environmental factors affecting benthic community structure in all seasons included water depth, flow velocity, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, conductivity, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, silicon, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total dissolved solids. Our results could provide support for the ecological management and restoration of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Shichuan River Basin.

Key words: Shichuan River Basin, benthic macroinvertebrates, community structure, benthic-IBI, health evaluation

郑皓玮, 侯易明, 管隆垚, 冯治远, 胡恩, 张鑫, 王司权, 潘保柱. 石川河流域底栖动物生物完整性指数构建与健康评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(6): 1898-1906.

ZHENG Haowei, HOU Yiming, GUAN Longyao, FENG Zhiyuan, HU En, ZHANG Xin, WANG Siquan, PAN Baozhu. Construction of a benthic integrity index of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Shichuan River Basin, Northwest China and its health evaluation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(6): 1898-1906.

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