土层混拌和玉米秸秆添加对白浆土的改良效应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.015

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 3682-3688.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.015

• 三江平原白浆土障碍消减与产能关键技术专栏(专栏策划：韩晓增、王秋菊) • 上一篇下一篇

土层混拌和玉米秸秆添加对白浆土的改良效应

孟庆英^1,2, 王秋菊^1,2*, 邹佳何^1,2, 李婧阳^1,2, 刘鑫^1,2, 罗一飞^1,2, 冯浩原³, 蔡丽君³

¹黑龙江省农业科学院, 哈尔滨 150086;
²黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院, 哈尔滨 150086;
³黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院, 黑龙江佳木斯 154000

收稿日期:2025-03-15 修回日期:2025-10-20 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2026-07-18
通讯作者: ^*E-mail: bqjwang@126.com
作者简介:孟庆英, 女, 1982年生, 博士。主要从事低产土壤改良研究。E-mail: mqy269@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500800)、黑龙江省博士后基金项目(LBH-Z22262)和黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2024D019)

Improvement effect of soil layer mixing and corn straw addition on albic soil

MENG Qingying^1,2, WANG Qiuju^1,2*, ZOU Jiahe^1,2, LI Jingyang^1,2, LIU Xin^1,2, LUO Yifei^1,2, FENG Haoyuan³, CAI Lijun³

¹Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;
²Heilongjiang Institute of Black Soil Protection and Utilizations, Harbin 150086, China;
³Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154000, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2025-03-15 Revised:2025-10-20 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2026-07-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 白浆层与淀积层混拌可打破白浆土不良的土体构型,而施用秸秆是提高白浆层土壤养分的有效途径。本研究采用室内培养试验,分析白浆层混拌不同比例淀积层土壤(1∶0、2∶1、1∶1和1∶2)并添加1%玉米秸秆后土壤液限、塑性指数、机械组成、水稳性团聚体分布及土壤有机碳含量的变化,探究土层混拌与秸秆添加对白浆土的改良效果,并设置大豆大田试验进行产量验证。结果表明: 随淀积层土壤占比增加,土壤的液限值升高,塑性指数由16.0%分别升高到23.0%、27.0%和31.0%,白浆土的耕作适宜性增强;土壤黏粒含量增加、大于0.25 mm团聚体百分比(R_>0.25)和平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GWD)等团聚体稳定性指标提高,其中,MWD和GWD增幅分别为42.9%、44.9%、46.9%和27.7%、27.7%、29.8%。在同一混拌比例下,秸秆添加后土壤R_>0.25增加,团聚体稳定性增强,土层混拌和秸秆添加及两者互作对土壤R_>0.25、MWD和GMD均存在显著影响;土层混拌比为1∶1同时添加秸秆处理的R_>0.25最高,达66.6%。土层混拌降低了土壤有机碳含量,秸秆添加显著增加了土壤总有机碳和团聚体各粒级有机碳含量。表明土层混拌与秸秆添加后土壤黏粒和有机碳含量提高协同促进了土壤团聚体结构的形成与稳定,进而改良白浆土土壤结构,提高土壤肥力。大田试验证明,应用机械可实现白浆层与淀积层近似1∶1混拌,与常规深松对照相比,大田混层作业同时秸秆全量还田后大豆产量提高7.2%,该模式在白浆土耕地改良中具有显著的推广价值。

关键词: 白浆土, 土层混拌, 土壤团聚体, 秸秆

Abstract: Mixing the albic horizon with the illuvium horizon can break the poor soil structure of albic soil, while straw input is an effective way to enhance soil nutrient content. We conducted an incubation experiment to analyze the changes in soil liquid limit, plasticity index, mechanical composition, distribution of stable aggregates, and soil organic carbon content under different mixing ratios of the albic horizon and illuvium horizon (1:0, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2), along with the addition of 1% corn straw. We further verified the impacts with a soybean field experiment. The results showed that with the increasing proportion of illuvium horizon soil, the liquid limit of the soil increased, and the plasticity index increased from 16.0% to 23.0%, 27.0%, and 31.0%, respectively. The suitability of albic soil for cultivation was enhanced. The stability indicators of soil aggregates, such as clay content, percentage of aggregates larger than 0.25 mm (R_>0.25), average weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GWD), increased, with MWD and GWD increasing by 42.9%, 44.9%, 46.9% and 27.7%, 27.7%, 29.8%, respectively. At the same mixing ratio, straw addition increased soil R_>0.25 and enhanced aggregate stability. Soil mixing and straw addition, as well as their interaction, had significant effects on soil R_>0.25, MWD, and GMD. The treatment with soil mixing ratio of 1:1 and straw addition resulted in the highest R_>0.25, reaching 66.6%. Soil mixing reduced soil organic carbon content, while straw addition significantly increased soil total organic carbon and aggregate organic carbon content at various particle sizes. This indicated that the combination of soil layer mixing and straw addition synergistically promoted the formation and stability of soil aggregate structure by increasing soil clay and organic carbon content, thereby improving soil structure and fertility. Field results showed that the application of machinery could achieve approximately 1:1 mixing of albic soil horizon and illuvium horizon. Compared with conventional deep loosening control, the soybean yield increased by 7.2% after the mixing operation and full straw return. This model had significant promotion effect in the improvement of albic soil.

Key words: albic soil, soil mixing, soil aggregate, straw

孟庆英, 王秋菊, 邹佳何, 李婧阳, 刘鑫, 罗一飞, 冯浩原, 蔡丽君. 土层混拌和玉米秸秆添加对白浆土的改良效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3682-3688.

MENG Qingying, WANG Qiuju, ZOU Jiahe, LI Jingyang, LIU Xin, LUO Yifei, FENG Haoyuan, CAI Lijun. Improvement effect of soil layer mixing and corn straw addition on albic soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(12): 3682-3688.

参考文献

[1] 黑龙江省土地管理局, 黑龙江省土壤普查办公室. 黑龙江土壤. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1992
[2] 曾昭顺, 庄季屏, 李美平. 论白浆土的形成和分类问题. 土壤学报, 1963, 11(2): 111-129
[3] Melej MJ, Acevedo SE, Contreras CP, et al. Changes in macroaggregate stability as a result of wetting/drying cycles of soils with different organic matter and clay contents. Geoderma, 2024, 448: 116965
[4] Six J, Conant RT, Paul EA, et al. Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant and Soil, 2002, 241: 155-176
[5] 武志杰, 丁庆堂, 于德清, 等. 施用有机物料与深松对改良白浆土白浆层效应的研究. 土壤通报, 1995, 26(6): 250-252
[6] 高瑞敏, 严君, 韩晓增, 等. 不同有机物料还田对白浆土土壤化学计量特征及胞外酶活性的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2024, 42(5): 198-205
[7] Xiu LQ, Zhang WM, Sun YY, et al. Effects of biochar and straw returning on the key cultivation limitations of Albic soil and soybean growth over 2 years. Catena, 2019, 173: 481-493
[8] 黄铁燕, 冯海红, 门福强. 紫花苜蓿改良白浆土的效果. 作物杂志, 1996(1): 31
[9] 赵德林, 刘峰, 洪福玉, 等. 白浆土土体构型改造的研究. 中国农业科学, 1989, 22(5): 47-55
[10] 朱宝国, 张春峰, 贾会彬, 等. 心土间隔混层技术改善白浆土理化性质提高大豆产量. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(15): 94-100
[11] 王秋菊, 常本超, 张劲松, 等. 长期秸秆还田对白浆土物理性质及水稻产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(14): 2748-2757
[12] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000
[13] Jia HB, Yu ZH, Zhang CF, et al. Three-stage subsoil interval mixing plough for improvement of planosol. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 2013, 6: 184-190
[14] 杨金玲, 张甘霖, 李德成, 等. 激光法与湿筛-吸管法测定土壤颗粒组成的转换及质地确定. 土壤学报, 2009, 46(5): 772-780
[15] Six J, Elliott ET, Paustian K, et al. Aggregation and soil organic matter accumulation in cultivated and native grassland soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1998, 62: 1367-1377
[16] Karakan E. Relationships among plasticity, clay fraction and activity of clay-sand mixtures. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022, 15: 334
[17] 律兆松, 徐琪. 中国白浆土研究. Ⅰ. 白浆土机械组成特点及元素地球化学分异特征. 土壤学报, 1993, 30(3): 274-288
[18] 罗爽, 高华端, 陶倩, 等. 黔中地区坡耕地土壤机械组成对界限含水量的影响. 土壤通报, 2020, 51(3): 580-586
[19] 朱慧鑫, 邓羽松, 夏振刚, 等. 鄂东南花岗岩崩岗剖面土壤液塑限特征及影响因子分析. 中国水土保持科学, 2016, 14(5): 1-7
[20] 徐永服, 高华端, 杨海娇, 等. 黔中白云岩坡耕地土壤界限含水量与机械组成量化关系研究. 水土保持通报, 2018, 38(4): 87-91
[21] Abd-elgwad SAA. Effect of microbial inoculation and bentonite amendments on growth, enzyme activity and yield of cowpea cultivated in sandy soil. Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security, 2019, 3: 71-80
[22] Mi JZ, Gregorich EG, Xu ST, et al. Effect of bentonite amendment on soil hydraulic parameters and millet crop performance in a semi-arid region. Field Crops Research, 2017, 212: 107-114
[23] Mojid MA, Wyseure G, Mustafa S. Water use efficiency and productivity of wheat as a function of clay amendment. Environmental Control in Biology, 2012, 50: 347-362
[24] Pham D, Nguyen HNT, van Loc N. et al. Sandy soil reclamation using biochar and clay-rich soil. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2021, 22: 26-35
[25] Poeplau C, Reiter L, Berti A, et al. Qualitative and quantitative response of soil organic carbon to 40 years of crop residue incorporation under contrasting nitrogen fertilisation regimes. Soil Research, 2016, 55: 1-9
[26] Koiter AJ, Owens PN, Petticrew EL, et al. The role of soil surface properties on the particle size and carbon selectivity of interrill erosion in agricultural landscapes. Catena, 2017, 153: 194-206
[27] Campbell CA, Selles F, Lafond GP, et al. Tillage-ferti-lizer changes: Effect on some soil quality attributes under long-term crop rotations in a thin black chernozem. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2001, 81: 157-165
[28] Dong XL, Hao QY, Li GT. et al. Contrast effect of long-term fertilization on SOC and SIC stocks and distribution in different soil particle-size fractions. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2017, 17: 1054-1063
[29] Burrell LD, Zehetner F, Rampazzo N, et al. Long-term effects of biochar on soil physical properties. Geoderma, 2016, 282: 96-102
[30] 田圣陶, 罗洋, 隋鹏祥, 等. 长期耕作对黑土有机碳储量及其组分的影响. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(8): 2167-2175
[31] 高瑞敏, 严君, 韩晓增, 等. 白浆土肥沃耕层构建效应. Ⅰ. 不同有机物料深混对白浆土有机质在表层土壤中再分布的影响. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(6): 1590-1598

土层混拌和玉米秸秆添加对白浆土的改良效应

Improvement effect of soil layer mixing and corn straw addition on albic soil

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	胡家钰, 高兵阳, 高怡帆, 杨雪, 黄玉芳, 郭景丽, 叶优良, 赵亚南. 氮肥与腐植酸配施对砂质中低产田土壤质量和作物产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9): 2639-2648.
[2]	赵海平, 勾蒙蒙, 陈会玲, 朱粟锋, 斛如媛, 刘常富, 肖文发. 林龄对鄂中丘陵区马尾松人工林土壤团聚体稳定性和土壤可蚀性的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9): 2729-2736.
[3]	刘大源, 孟董悦, 于晨一, 李俊杰, 关庆伟. 麻栎纯林及混交林土壤团聚体磷组分特征及其影响因素 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(8): 2344-2352.
[4]	严君, 韩晓增, 陈旭, 邹文秀, 陆欣春, 姜宇, 苏粤, 杨舒纯. 白浆土肥沃耕层构建效应. Ⅱ. 有机物料深混还田对白浆土耕层和亚耕层土壤养分及pH值的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(8): 2399-2406.
[5]	殷启杰, 姜建武, 殷汉琴, 杨宗坤, 龚冬琴, 李桂芳, 褚先尧, 刘文波, 张敏. 有机物料投入对新垦耕地土壤养分和微生物代谢的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(4): 969-983.
[6]	邱裕丰, 唐荣贵, 沈玉叶, 陈有超, 刘益宏, 蔡延江. 不同密度蚯蚓对毛竹林土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(3): 819-827.
[7]	周诗祺, 吴洁玲, 吴泽华, 林强, 习杰, 周琴, 查轩. 不同植被恢复模式下退化红壤团聚体特征及土壤分离速率的差异 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(3): 868-876.
[8]	刘鑫, 王秋菊, 刘峰, 孟庆英, 谷英楠, 邹佳何, 李婧阳, 辛蕊. 白浆土障碍消减技术研究进展 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3647-3658.
[9]	王玲莉, 石元亮, 石淏心, 张蕾, 武志杰, 宋玉超, 田立彬, 姜宇. 土壤改良剂对白浆土白浆层土壤物理结构及微生物群落的调控效应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3659-3667.
[10]	薛明, 粟宝莹, 宋一欣, 卢奕丽, 王洪志, 王秋菊. 混层技术对白浆土水分分布和储量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3668-3674.
[11]	匡恩俊, 王秋菊, 邹佳何, 李婧阳, 田立彬, 姜宇, 刘峰. 玉米秸秆还田对白浆土水溶性有机碳及荧光特性的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3689-3698.
[12]	陈爱慧, 张海滨, 王秋菊, 于晓波, 谭增鑫, 周魏岩, 任洪忱, 闫景凤. 不同改土措施对白浆土耕作特性的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3699-3708.
[13]	高瑞敏, 严君, 韩晓增, 陈旭, 邹文秀, 陆欣春, 贺娟妮. 不同有机物料深混对白浆土土壤胞外酶活性及化学计量特征的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3709-3717.
[14]	李铭恩, 赖泽婷, 田纪辉. 间作调控土壤团聚体结构及功能的研究进展与展望 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(11): 3512-3522.
[15]	张萌, 程瑞梅, 沈雅飞, 陈天, 李璟, 曾立雄, 雷蕾, 肖文发. 光叶苕子覆盖对土壤团聚体不同来源碳积累的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(1): 141-151.