氮肥与腐植酸配施对砂质中低产田土壤质量和作物产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究氮肥和腐植酸配施对中低产田土壤质量和作物产量的影响,可为土壤产能提升和养分优化管理提供科学依据。本研究于2021—2023年在河南省新乡县开展小麦-玉米轮作田间定位试验,采用二因素裂区设计,设置0(N0)、180(N180)、270(N270)kg·hm^-2 3个氮水平和0(HA0)、1500(HA1500)、3000(HA3000)、6000(HA6000)kg·hm^-2 4个腐植酸水平,分析氮肥和腐植酸配施对砂质潮土中低产田作物产量、养分吸收、土壤团聚体和土壤养分的影响,并通过随机森林模型和最小二乘路径分析模型分析土壤质量和作物产量的影响因子和路径。结果表明: N0水平下,施用腐植酸处理小麦和玉米两年平均产量较HA0分别提高7.1%和10.6%;N180水平下,小麦和玉米产量均在HA3000最大,周年产量比HA0增加9.1%;N270水平下,配施腐植酸对作物产量影响不显著。各施氮水平下配施腐植酸不同程度地增加了小麦氮素吸收,提高了土壤团聚体稳定性和土壤养分含量。土壤质量指数(SQI)在N180水平下配施腐植酸最优,土壤全氮、pH、有机碳是影响SQI的关键指标。最小二乘路径分析模型显示,氮肥和腐植酸主要通过影响土壤团聚体分布和土壤养分对小麦和玉米产量产生正向影响。在本试验条件下氮肥180 kg·hm^-2配施3000 kg·hm^-2腐植酸对当地砂质潮土中低产田产能提升效果较好。

关键词: 土壤产能提升, 腐植酸, 砂质潮土, 土壤肥力, 土壤团聚体

Abstract: Understanding the effects of combined nitrogen (N) and humic acid (HA) application on soil quality and crop yield in low-to-medium productivity farmland can provide a scientific basis for enhancing soil productivity and optimizing nutrient management. We conducted a field experiment from 2021 to 2023 in a wheat-maize rotation system in Xinxiang County, Henan Province. There were three N application rates: 0 (N0), 180 (N180), and 270 (N270) kg·hm^-2; and four HA levels: 0 (HA0), 1500 (HA1500), 3000 (HA3000), and 6000 (HA6000) kg·hm^-2, following a two-factor split-plot design. We examined the effects of combined application of N fertilizer and HA on crop yield, nutrient uptake, soil aggregates and soil nutrients in sandy fluvo-aquic soils, identified key drivers and pathways affecting soil quality and crop yield by random forest (RF) and partial least squared path modeling (PLS-PM). The results showed that under the N0 level, the application of HA increased the two-year average wheat and maize yields by 7.1% and 10.6%, respectively, compared with HA0. Under the N180 level, both wheat and maize yields peaked at HA3000 application, with an annual yield increase of 9.1% over HA0. However, under the N270 level, the application of HA did not affect crop yields. The application of HA at various N levels increased wheat N absorption to varying degrees and improved soil aggregate stability and soil nutrient content. The soil quality index (SQI) was optimal when HA was applied at the N180 level, with total soil N, pH, and organic carbon being key factors affecting SQI. The PLS-PM showed that N fertilizer and HA mainly had positive impact on wheat and maize yields by affecting soil aggregate distribution and soil nutrients. In conclusion, the combined application of 180 kg·hm^-2 N fertilizer with 3000 kg·hm^-2HA showed a good effect on enhancing the productivity of low-to-medium productivity farmland in local sandy fluvo-aquic soils.

Key words: soil productivity improvement, humic acid, sandy fluvo-aquic soil, soil fertility, soil aggregate

胡家钰, 高兵阳, 高怡帆, 杨雪, 黄玉芳, 郭景丽, 叶优良, 赵亚南. 氮肥与腐植酸配施对砂质中低产田土壤质量和作物产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9): 2639-2648.

HU Jiayu, GAO Bingyang, GAO Yifan, YANG Xue, HUANG Yufang, GUO Jingli, YE Youliang, ZHAO Yanan. Effect of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and humic acid on soil quality and crop yield in sandy low-to-medium productivity farmland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(9): 2639-2648.

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