生物炭配施改良剂对盐碱土有机碳、团聚体及燕麦产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202605.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究生物炭配施不同改良剂对柴达木盆地盐碱地土壤有机碳组分、团聚体稳定性及饲用燕麦产量的影响,可为盐碱地改良与产能提升提供依据。于2024年在青海省德令哈市蓄集乡开展田间试验,采用单因素随机区组设计,设置生物炭7500 kg·hm^-2(T₁)、生物炭7500 kg·hm^-2+微藻营养液20 L·hm^-2(T₂)、生物炭7500 kg·hm^-2+黄腐酸1500 kg·hm^-2(T₃)、生物炭7500 kg·hm^-2+有机肥10000 kg·hm^-2(T₄)4个处理,以不加生物炭和改良剂为对照(CK),分析不同处理对土壤有机碳组分、团聚体稳定性与燕麦产量的影响,并结合Mantel检验与随机森林模型识别关键影响因子与作用路径。结果表明:与CK相比,各处理均提高了土壤有机碳组分含量、改善了土壤结构并促进增产。其中,T₄处理在促进土壤有机碳积累、增加大团聚体比例和增强团聚体稳定性方面的效果最佳,与CK相比,土壤有机碳、轻组有机碳、颗粒有机碳、矿物结合有机碳、易氧化有机碳含量分别显著提高127.4%、76.3%、375.8%、63.2%、208.2%,大团聚体比例增加50%,平均重量直径和几何平均直径分别显著提升28.6%和26.2%。T₃处理增产效应最显著,鲜草和干草产量分别提高63.5%和64.7%。Mantel检验与随机森林结果显示,轻组有机碳与几何平均直径是共同驱动燕麦生长与产量形成的关键土壤因子。在本试验条件下不同处理呈现出差异化优势:土壤固碳与结构改良优选T₄处理,增产优选T₃处理;盐碱地可依据改良与增产目标分策使用改良剂组合。

关键词: 生物炭, 盐碱地, 有机碳组分, 团聚体稳定性, 燕麦产量

Abstract: Investigating the effects of biochar application combined with different amendments on soil organic carbon fractions, aggregate stability, and forage oat yield in the saline-alkali soil of the Qaidam Basin can provide a basis for saline-alkali soil improvement and productivity enhancement. We conducted a field experiment following randomized block design in Xuji Township, Delingha City, Qinghai Province, in 2024. There were four treatments, including biochar 7500 kg·hm^-2(T₁), biochar 7500 kg·hm^-2+microalgae nutrient solution 20 L·hm^-2(T₂), biochar 7500 kg·hm^-2+fulvic acid 1500 kg·hm^-2(T₃), and biochar 7500 kg·hm^-2+organic fertilizer 10000 kg·hm^-2(T₄), with a control treatment (CK) with no biochar or amendments. We analyzed the changes of soil organic carbon fractions, aggregate stability, and oat yield, identified key influencing factors and pathways using Mantel tests and random forest modeling. The results showed that all treatments increased soil organic carbon fractions, improved soil structure, and promoted yield. Among them, T₄ exhibited the best performance. T₄ significantly increased soil organic carbon, light fraction organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, mineral-associated organic carbon, and easily oxidizable organic carbon by 127.4%, 76.3%, 375.8%, 63.2%, and 208.2%, respectively. The proportion of macroaggregates was increased by 50%, and the mean weight diameter and geometric mean dia-meter were significantly increased by 28.6% and 26.2%, respectively. T₃ showed the most significant yield-promoting effect, increasing fresh forage yield and hay yield by 63.5% and 64.7%, respectively. The mantel tests and random forest analysis revealed that light fraction organic carbon and geometric mean diameter were the key soil factors jointly driving oat growth and yield formation. Different treatments exhibited distinct advantages. T₄ was recommended for soil carbon sequestration and structure improvement, while T₃ was preferred for maximizing yield. Accordingly, amendment combinations should be optimized based on improvement and yield increase targets.

Key words: biochar, saline-alkali soil, organic carbon fraction, aggregate stability, oat yield

孙毅, 王腾, 王杰忠, 康豪, 赵温斌, 王金贵. 生物炭配施改良剂对盐碱土有机碳、团聚体及燕麦产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(6): 1955-1964.

SUN Yi, WANG Teng, WANG Jiezhong, KANG Hao, ZHAO Wenbin, WANG Jingui. Effects of biochar application combined with different amendments on organic carbon fractions, aggregate stability, and oat yield in saline-alkali soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(6): 1955-1964.

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