欢迎访问《应用生态学报》官方网站,今天是

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1965-1971.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.014

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥耦合腐解剂对寒区水稻秸秆腐解和产量的影响

刘春梅1,3*, 严跃辉1,3, 陈瑞阳1, 崔靖民2, 陈海星1, 胡健1, 许文政1, 张明聪3   

  1. 1黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 黑龙江大庆 163319;
    2北大荒集团黑龙江红卫农场有限公司, 黑龙江双鸭山 155723;
    3农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室, 黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-28 修回日期:2026-04-30 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2026-12-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: soilfertilizer@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘春梅, 女, 1974年生, 博士。主要从事白浆土改良和植物营养与肥料研究。E-mail: soilferilizer@163. com
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省“双一流”学科协同创新成果建设项目(LJGXCG2022-107)和黑龙江省重点研发计划重大项目(2023ZX02B01-03)

Impact of nitrogen application rates coupled with decomposing agents on straw decomposition and rice yield in cold region

LIU Chunmei1,3*, YAN Yuehui1,3, CHEN Ruiyang1, CHUI Jingmin2, CHEN Haixing1, HU Jian1, XU Wenzheng1, ZHANG Mingcong3   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China;
    2Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang Hongwei Fram Limited Company, Shuangyashan 155723, Heilongjiang, China;
    3Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2025-09-28 Revised:2026-04-30 Online:2026-06-18 Published:2026-12-18

摘要: 本研究以垦粳8水稻品种为研究对象,采用二因素随机区组设计,设置4个施氮水平:N0(不施氮)、N1(75 kg·hm-2)、N2(125 kg·hm-2)、N3(150 kg·hm-2);2个腐解剂水平:F0(不施腐解剂)和F1(施用腐解剂: 2 kg·t-1秸秆腐熟剂配施哈茨木霉菌),测定水稻秸秆降解率、养分释放率和水稻产量,探明不同氮肥用量与腐解剂耦合对寒区还田水稻秸秆腐解的影响,并确定最佳施氮量。结果表明:施氮和施腐解剂处理的秸秆降解率、养分释放率均高于不施氮和不施腐解剂处理,以F1N2处理效果最好,其秸秆降解率在水稻全生育期较F0N0提高19.8%~196.1%,秸秆碳、氮、磷、钾的养分释放率较F0N0分别提高17.3%~54.7%、12.2%~44.8%、14.7%~48.2%、4.4%~43.4%。施氮配施腐解剂可显著调节秸秆碳氮比,缩短秸秆腐熟时间,以F1N2处理效果最佳,其抽穗期碳氮比为44.09,腐解参数率先达到参数阈值0.6,较F0N0缩短20 d左右。F1N2处理水稻的穗粒数、结实率和水稻产量分别较F0N0增加79.1%、40.4%和134.7%。综上,F1N2处理可显著促进还田秸秆腐解和养分释放,从而有利于寒区土壤培肥和水稻产量的提高。

关键词: 水稻, 施氮量, 秸秆腐解剂, 秸秆还田

Abstract: We conducted an experiment with the rice cultivar “Kengeng 8” as the research material following a two-factor randomized block design. There were four nitrogen application levels: N0(no nitrogen application), N1 (75 kg·hm-2), N2(125 kg·hm-2), N3(150 kg·hm-2), and two decomposition agent levels: F0(no decomposition agent) and F1 (with decomposition agent:2 kg·t-1 straw decomposition agent combined with Trichoderma harzianum). By measuring rice straw degradation rate, nutrient release rate, and rice yield, we investigated the effects of coupling different nitrogen application rates with decomposition agent on rice straw decomposition under straw return conditions in cold region, to assess the optimal nitrogen application rate. The results showed that the straw degradation rate and nutrient release rate under treatments with nitrogen and decomposition agent were higher than those without nitrogen and without decomposition agent. The F1N2 treatment exhibited the best performance. Compared with F0N0, straw degradation rate during the entire rice growth period increased by 19.8%-196.1%, and the nutrient release rates of straw C, N, P, and K increased by 17.3%-54.7%, 12.2%-44.8%, 14.7%-48.2%, and 4.4%-43.4%, respectively. The combination application of nitrogen fertilizer and decomposing agent significantly regulated straw C/N ratio and shortened the duration of straw decomposition. The F1N2 treatment was optimal, with C/N ratio of 44.09, and its decomposition parameter reached the threshold value of 0.6 at the heading stage, shortening decomposition duration by 20 d compared with F0N0. The F1N2 treatment increased spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, and rice yield by 79.1%, 40.4%, and 134.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the F1N2 treatment significantly promoted straw decomposition and nutrient release under straw return conditions, thereby facilitating soil fertility and rice yield in cold region.

Key words: rice, nitrogen application rate, straw decomposition agent, straw turnover