芙蓉岛海域人工鱼礁投放对大型底栖动物群落结构和功能性状的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202303.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为评估人工鱼礁的生态修复效果和礁龄对大型底栖动物群落结构和功能性状的影响,本研究于2019年5月、8月和10月对莱州湾芙蓉岛海域2种不同礁龄的人工鱼礁区开展了调查。3个季度共鉴定出大型底栖动物120种,其中,对照区72种,短礁龄(投放时间为1年)礁区74种,长礁龄(投放时间为4～5年)礁区80种。哈氏和美虾为各区域的主要优势种。研究区域内大型底栖动物群落的生物量、丰度、Shannon多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数均表现为长礁龄礁区＞短礁龄礁区＞对照区,其中,长礁龄礁区的生物量和丰度显著大于其他两个区域。鱼礁区和对照区大型底栖动物群落的功能性状组成和相对丰度存在差异,但各区域优势性状类型保持一致,分别为沉积食性、埋栖型、中等个体大小、中等寿命、高身体柔韧度和底内生活型。各区域大型底栖动物群落性状的差异主要表现在摄食、栖息方式、个体大小方面。鱼礁区中较小个体(1～3 cm)和悬浮物食性物种的相对丰度高于对照区,而肉食食性物种低于对照区,且随着礁龄的增加,这一效应更加明显。就功能多样性而言,鱼礁区显著高于对照区,就功能冗余而言,二者无显著差异。丰度/生物量比较曲线和海洋生物指数分析结果显示,该海域的底栖生境质量较好,鱼礁投放1年后,大型底栖动物群落受到轻微扰动,鱼礁投放4～5年后,大型底栖动物资源养护效果和底栖生境质量明显提高。

关键词: 人工鱼礁, 礁龄, 功能性状, 大型底栖动物, 海洋牧场

Abstract: To evaluate the ecological restoration effect of artificial reefs and explore the impacts of artificial reefs age on the structure and functional traits of the macrobenthos community, two artificial reef areas with different reef ages in the coastal waters of Furong Island, Laizhou Bay were investigated in May, August, and October 2019. A total of 120 macrobenthos species were identified in the three seasons, including 72 species in the control area, 74 species in the artificial reef with short age (1 year), and 80 species in the artificial reef with greater age (4-5 years). Nihonotrypaea harmandi was the dominant species in all areas. The biomass, abundance, Shannon diversity index, Margalef species richness index of macrobenthos communities were all in order of reef area with greater age > reef area with lower age > control area, and the biomass and abundance in the reef area with greater age were significantly higher than those in the other two areas. The composition and relative abundance of functional traits of macrobenthos communities in the reef area and the control area were different. However, the dominant categories of traits in different areas were consistent, including deposit-feeder, burrower, medium body size, medium life span, high body flexibility and infauna. The composition and relative abundance of functional traits of macrobenthos communities in the reef area and the control area were different mainly in feeding mode, habitat, and body size. The relative abundance of smaller individuals (1-3 cm) and suspension feeders in the reef area was higher than those in the control area, while predator abundance was lower, and such effect became more pronounced with increasing reef age. The reef area was significantly higher than the control area in functional diversity, but without significant difference in functional redundancy. The results of abundance/biomass comparison curve and marine biotic index showed that the benthic ecological quality in the study area was good. The macrobenthos community was slightly disturbed after 1 year of reef construction, while the conservation effect of macrobenthic resources and the benthic ecological quality were significantly improved after 4-5 years of reef placement.

Key words: artificial reef, reef age, functional trait, macrobenthos, marine ranching

詹启鹏, 董建宇, 孙昕, 张宇洋, 张秀梅. 芙蓉岛海域人工鱼礁投放对大型底栖动物群落结构和功能性状的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(3): 796-804.

ZHAN Qipeng, DONG Jianyu, SUN Xin, ZHANG Yuyang, ZHANG Xiumei. Impacts of artificial reef on community structure and functional traits of macrobenthos near Furong Island, Shandong, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(3): 796-804.

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