耕作对黄土高原和北美大草原三种典型农业土壤有机碳的影响

应用生态学报 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (12): 2213-2218.

耕作对黄土高原和北美大草原三种典型农业土壤有机碳的影响

武天云^1,2, Jeff J. Schoenau³, 李凤民¹, 钱佩源³, Sukhadev S. Malhi⁴

1. 兰州大学干旱农业生态国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000;
2. 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 兰州 730070;
3. Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, SK, S7N 5A8;
4. Nutrient Cycling Research Station, Agriculture and Agro Food Canada, Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, SK, S0E 1A0

收稿日期:2002-09-19 修回日期:2003-02-26
通讯作者: 李凤民
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000018603);教育部留学基金项目(990005);Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund Strategic Research(R252B);International Foundation for Sciences(C/33131)

Influence of cultivation on organic carbon in three typical soils of China Loess Plateau and Canada Prairies

WU Tianyun^1,2, Jeff J. SCHOENAU³, LI Fengmin¹, QIAN Peiyuan³, Sukhadev S. MALHI⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Arid Agroecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Soil Science and Fertilizer Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
3. Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, SK, S7N 5A8;
4. Nutrient Cycling Research Station, Agriculture and Agro Food Canada, Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, SK, S0E 1A0

Received:2002-09-19 Revised:2003-02-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 耕作对黄绵土(Calcaric Cambisols,FAO)、灰褐土(Haplic Greyxems,FAO)和典型褐灰钙土(Orthic Brown Chernozem)的土壤有机碳(SOC)动态的影响存在明显差异.黄绵土在开垦5年内0～20cm土壤有机碳损失了77%,损失速率为2.15t·hm^-2·yr^-1,其主要原因为水蚀和耕作侵蚀.灰褐土在开垦后的42年里耕层土壤的有机碳损失了70%,损失速率为0.96～1.06t·hm^-2·yr^-1,主要为水蚀和有机碳的矿化分解.1960以后开垦的典型褐灰钙土0～20cm耕层土壤有机碳损失了11%,损失速率为0.17t·hm^-2·yr^-1.1920年开垦的典型褐灰钙土有机碳损失了44%,损失速率为0.45t·hm^-2·yr^-1.造成这一差异的主要原因是耕作和轮作体制的改善有效地阻止了风蚀的危害,并增加了进入土壤系统的有机物的量.3种土壤轻组有机碳(LFOC)的变化趋势与总有机碳的变化趋势相似:黄绵土和灰褐土在相应的时间内LFOC损失了73%和90%,1920年和1960年开垦的典型褐灰钙土LFOC分别损失了74%和70%.3种土壤间LFOC和HFOC的分配比例不同也可能是造成黄绵土和灰褐土有机碳下降快的原因.

关键词: 有机碳, 轻组有机碳, 重组有机碳, 黄土高原, 土壤侵蚀

Abstract: The dynamics of organic carbon in3 soils of China Loess Plateau and Canada Prairies was significantly different: in China,the Huangmian soil (Calcaric Cambisols,FAO) lost 77% of total organic carbon (0～20 cm) within5 years of cultivation,with a decrease rate of 2.11 tons C·hm^-2·yr^-1 ,which was mainly caused by water erosion and tillage erosion; and the Huihe soil (haplic greyxems,FAO) lost 70% of total organic carbon (0～20 cm layer) at the rate of 0.961.06 tons C·hm^-2·yr^-1 ,because of water erosion and decomposition over 42 years. However,the orthic brown chernozem in Canada lost 11% and 44% of the total soil organic carbon (0～20 cm layer) after 40 and 80 years of cultivation,respectively,with a corresponding rate of 0.17 tons Chm^-2·yr^-1 and 0.45 tons Chm^-2·yr^-1 . The improvement in tillage and rotation system,which prevented soil from wind erosion and increased current residues into soil,was responsible for the decrease of the loss rate. The dynamics of soil light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) was similar to that of total organic carbon:Huangmian and Heilu soil lost 73% and 90% of LFOC,while orthic brown chernozem lost 74% and 70% of LFOCafter breaked in1920 and 1960,respectively. Among the test soils,Huangmian and Huihe soil had the fast SOCdepletion due to the difference in the allocation of organic carbon between LFOCand HFOC.

Key words: Soil organic carbon, Light fraction, Heavy fraction orgnic carbon, Soil erosionorgnic carbon, Loess Plateau of China, Canadian Prairie

中图分类号:

S153.6

武天云, Jeff J. Schoenau, 李凤民, 钱佩源, Sukhadev S. Malhi. 耕作对黄土高原和北美大草原三种典型农业土壤有机碳的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (12): 2213-2218.

WU Tianyun, Jeff J. SCHOENAU, LI Fengmin, QIAN Peiyuan, Sukhadev S. MALHI. Influence of cultivation on organic carbon in three typical soils of China Loess Plateau and Canada Prairies[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (12): 2213-2218.

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