三江平原典型湿地植物中汞的分布与库存量

应用生态学报 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (2): 287-290.

三江平原典型湿地植物中汞的分布与库存量

刘汝海^1,2, 王起超¹, 吕宪国¹, 李志博¹, 王艳²

1. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春, 130012;
2. 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛, 266003

收稿日期:2002-04-01 修回日期:2002-09-23
通讯作者: 刘汝海,男,1975年生,讲师,主要从事污染物环境行为及其控制的研究,发表论文10篇.E-mail:ruhailiu@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(40071072);中国科学院重要方向资助项目(KZCX2302)

Distribution and stock of mercury in typical wetland plant in the Sanjiang Plain

LIU Ruhai^1,2, WANG Qichao¹, LU Xianguo¹, LI Zhibo¹, WANG Yan ²

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China;
2. College of Environment and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China

Received:2002-04-01 Revised:2002-09-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分析了三江平原典型植物中的总Hg浓度.结果表明,各种植物中总Hg浓度差别较大,苔藓>藻类>苔草>禾草>灌木;干湿环境是影响总Hg浓度的重要因素;湿地植物总Hg浓度高于水稻和玉米等农作物.较高的土壤总Hg浓度是近地面大气中Hg的重要来源,间接地影响到植物中Hg的浓度.植物各构件中总Hg浓度具有立枯>根>叶>茎的特点.在植物整个生长季总Hg浓度先增加后减少.估算了三江平原湿地植物Hg的库存量.小叶章湿地植物地上部分库存量为24.9μg·m^-2;毛果苔草湿地植物地上部分库存量为35.8μg·m^-2,高于加拿大实验湖泊湿地.

关键词: 湿地, 植物, Hg, 三江平原

Abstract: Total mercury concentration of typical wetland plant was analyzed. There were great difference in mercury content among different plants, and the order was moss > alga > carex > herb > shrub. There was a trend of increasing total Hg concentrations from vascular plants to bryophytes, and from dry to wet site. The wetland soil was the source of mercury in the air close to the ground, so it influenced the content of mercury in the plant. In different components of plants, mercury contents were in the order of dead stand > root > leaf > stem. Mercury concentration increased in initial stage and decreased in the end of the growing season. According to the mercury content and biomass, the mercury stock of plant were calculated, and it was 24 9 μg·m^-2 in the above ground of plant in Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland and 35 8 μg·m^-2 in Carex lasiocarpa wetland.

Key words: Wetland, Plant, Mercury, Sanjiang Plain

中图分类号:

X173

刘汝海, 王起超, 吕宪国, 李志博, 王艳. 三江平原典型湿地植物中汞的分布与库存量[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (2): 287-290.

LIU Ruhai, WANG Qichao, LU Xianguo, LI Zhibo, WANG Yan . Distribution and stock of mercury in typical wetland plant in the Sanjiang Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (2): 287-290.

参考文献

[1] Bishop KH, Lee YH, Munthe J, et al. 1998.Xylem sap as a pathway for total mercury and methylmecury transport from soils to tree canopy in the boreal forest. Biogeochemistry, 40:102～113
[2] Dobrovoliski VV. 1974. Trans. Zhu y-M(朱颜明). 1987. Trace Elements Geography. Beijing: Science Press. 153～ 154 (in Chinese)
[3] Driscoll CT, Yan C, Schofield CL, et al. 1994. The mercury cycle and fish in the Adirondack lakes. Environ Sci Technol, 28:136～143
[4] Heyes A, Moore TR, Rudd JWM. 1998. Mercury and methylmercury in decomposing vegetation of a pristine and impounded wetland. J Environ Qual, 27(3): 591 ～ 599
[5] Iverfeldt A. 1991. Mercury in forest canopy through fall water and its relation to atmospheric deposition. Water Air Soil Poll, 56:553～564
[6] Liu R-H(刘汝海),Wang Q-C(王起超),Lu X-G(吕宪国),et al.2002 The geochemistry characteristic of mercury in Sanjiang Plain Marsh.Acta Sci Circums(环境科学学报),22(5):661～663(in Chinese)
[7] Lodenius M. 1994. Mercury in terrestrial ecosystems: A review. In Watras CJ, Huckabee TW eds. Mercury Pollution: Integration and Synthesis. Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis Publishers. 343 ～ 354
[8] Moore TR, Bubier JL, Heyes A, et al. 1995. Methyl and total mercury in boreal wetland plants, experimental lakes area, northwestern Ontario. J Environ Qual, 24(5): 845～850
[9] Rasmussen PE, Mierle G, Nriagu JO, 1991.The analysis of vegetation for total mercury. Water Air Soil Poll, 56: 379～ 390
[10] Rasmussen PE, Mierle PE, Nriagu JON. 1994. Mercury in vegetation of the Precambrian shied. In: Watras CJ, Huckabee TW eds.Mercury Pollution: Integration and Synthesis. Boca Raton, Florida:Lewis Publishers. 417 ～ 425.
[11] St Louis VL, Rudd JWM, Kelly CA, et al. 1994. Importance of wetlands as sources of methylmercury boreal forest ecosystem. Can J Fish Aqua Sci, 51:1065～ 1076
[12] Swain EB, Engstrom DR, Brigham ME, et al. 1992. Increasing rates of atmospheric mercury deposition in midcontinental North America. Science, 257: 784 ～ 787
[13] Verga MM, Meech JA, Ontae N. 1994. Mercury pollution from deforestation. Nature, 368: 816～ 817
[14] Wallschlager D, Kock HH, Schroeder WH, et al. 2000. Mechanism and significance of mercury volatilization from contaminated floodplains of the German river Elbe. Atmos Environ, 34: 3745 ～3755
[15] Yang Y-X(杨永兴),Wang S-Y(王世岩),He T-R(何太蓉),et al. 2002. Study on plant biomass and its seasonal dynamics of typical wetland ecosystem in the Saniiang Plain. Grassland China ( 中国草地),24(1):1～7(in Chinese)
[16] Zillious EL, Poreella DB, Benoit JM. 1993. Mercury cycling and effects in freshwater wetland ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem,12:2245～ 2264