不同类型表面活性剂在土壤上的吸附特征比较研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 应用平衡振荡法,研究了阴、阳和非离子表面活性剂在土壤上的吸附.结果表明,阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵能强列吸附在6种不同性质的土壤上,吸附等温线为L型,分配常数K_d为3.0×10²～48×10² L·kg^-1;阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠、非离子表面活性剂OP及Tween-20的吸附等温线随土壤类型不同而不同,有L、S等型,吸附强度远弱于阳离子表面活性剂,K_d分别大体处于5.3～39、0.13～0.44(Tween-20)和4.4～22.4 L·kg^-1(OP).阳离子表面活性剂的土壤最大吸附量与土壤阳离子交换容量呈线性相关.低浓度范围内,阴离子表面活性剂的土壤分配常数与土壤粘粒含量呈正相关.同时土壤颗粒表面的电荷特性也影响吸附.非离子表面活性剂的K_d与土壤粘粒、砂粒、粉沙含量及表面积存在经验函数关系.

关键词: 表面活性剂, 吸附, 土壤

Abstract: Surfactants after entering soil may interact with other xenobiotics of sufactant and alter their behaviors.These interactions are very complex,and depend heavily on a range of parameters including surfactant concentration in soil-water,its CMC and adsorption characteristics of sufactant and pollutant etc.In this paper,batch sorption experiment was employed to study the adsorption characteristics of three types of surfactants,viz.an anionic,a cationic,and two nonionic surfactants,in 6 soils.The results showed that the adsorption isotherms of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) were L-shape,with distribution coefficients (K_d) varied between 300 to 4800 L·kg^-1 in lower concentration range.The adsorption isotherms of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate C₁₂ LABS,OP and Tween-20 were L- or S-shape,depending on surface-active molecular and soil properties.The affinity of anionic and nonionic surfactants to soil was weaker than that of cationic surfactant.The K_d for C₁₂ LABS,Tween-20 and OP was within 5.3～39,0.13～0.44 and 4.4～22.4 L·kg^-1,respectively.For sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,K_d was positively correlated with soil clay fraction,and the charge property of soil was also influential in its sorption.For OP and Tween-20,the empirical relations of K_d to soil properties,clay,silt,sand contents,and surface area,were established by using regression analysis.Cationic exchange capacity showed a strong positive correlation with the maximum adsorption capacity of soils,which might indicate that the ionic exchange mechanism played an important role in adsorption of CTMAB.

Key words: Surfactants, Sorption, Soil

中图分类号:

S153.3

李克斌, 刘惠君, 马云, 张雍, 刘维屏. 不同类型表面活性剂在土壤上的吸附特征比较研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (11): 2067-2071.

LI Kebin, LIU Huijun, MA Yun, ZHANG Yong, LIU Weiping . Adsorption characteristics of three types of surfactants in soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (11): 2067-2071.

参考文献

[1] Brownawell BJ,Chen H,Collier JM,et al.1990.Adsorption of organic cations to natural materials.Environ Sci Technol,24:1234～1241
[2] Chin YP,Kimble KD,Swank CR.1996.The sorption of 2-methylnaphatlene by Rossburg soil in the absence and presence of a nonionic surfactant.J Contam Hydrol,22:83～94
[3] Dai S-G(戴树桂),Dong L(董亮),Wang Z(王臻).1999.The sorption of surfactants on soil.China Environ Sci(中国环境科学),19(5):392～396(in Chinese)
[4] Fytianos K,Voudrias E,Papamichali A.1998.Behavior and fate of liner alkylbenzene sulfonate in different soils.Chemosphere,36(13):2741～2746
[5] Haigh SD.1996.A review of the interaction of surfactants with organic contaminants in soil.Sci Total Environ,185:161～170
[6] Hampson JW,Cornell DG,Micich TJ.1986.Adsorption of nonionic oxyethylated sulfonamides onto sand and kaolin from aqueous solution.Soil Sci Soc Am J,50:1150～1154
[7] Holt MS,Matthijs E,Waters J.1989.The concentrations and fate of linear alkybenzene sulphonate in sludge-amended soils.Water Res,23:749～759
[8] Huang Y-P(黄应平),Cai R-X(蔡汝秀).2001.A study on determination of trace cetyltrimethylammonium on the basis of the discolor reaction of brilliant green.J Anal Sci(分析科学学报),17(2):97～100(in Chinese)
[9] Jiang X(姜霞),Jing X(井欣),Gao X-S(高学晟),et al.2002.Advances in studies on the effect of surfactant on bioavailability of polycylcic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(9):1179～1186 (in Chinese)
[10] Lee DH,Cody RD,Kim DJ,et al.2002.Effect of soil texture on surfactant-based remediation of hydrophobic organic-contaminated soil.Environ Int,27:681～688
[11] Liu Z,Edwards DA,Luthy RG.1992.Sorption of nonionic surfactants onto soils.Water Res,26(10):1337～1345
[12] Mathur S,Moudgil BM.1998.Mechanisms of non-ionic polymer adsorption on oxide surfaces.Min Metal Proc,15:24～28
[13] Narkis N,Ben-David B.1985.Adsorption of nonionic surfactants on activated carbon and mineral clay.Water Res,19(7):815～824
[14] National Bureau of Environmental Protection.1998.Method in Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring.The Third Version.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.432～434(in Chinese)
[15] Prak DJL,Pritchard PH.2002.Solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in micellar nonionic surfactant solutions.Water Res,36:3463～3472
[16] Shen YH.2000.Sorption of nonionic surfactants to soils:The role of soil mineral composition.Chemosphere,41:711～716
[17] Somasundaran P,Huang L.2000.Adsorption/aggregation of surfactants and their mixtures at soild-liquid inerfaces.Adv Colloid Interface Sci,88:179～208
[18] Volkering F,Breure AM,Rulkens WH.1998.Microbiological aspects of surfactant use for biological soil remediation.Biodegradation,8:401～417
[19] Wagner J,Chen H,Brownawell BJ,et al.1994.Use of cationic surfactants to modify soil surfaces to promote sorption and retard migration of hydrophobic organic compounds.Environ Sci Technol,28:231～237
[20] Xiong Y(熊毅),et al.1985.Research Approach to Soil Colloid.Beijing:Science Presss.354(in Chinese)
[21] Yu T-R(于天仁),Ji G-L(季国亮),Ding C-P(丁昌璞),et al.1996.Electrochemistry of Variable-charge Soils.Bejing:Science Presss.159(in Chinese)
[22] Zhao G-X(赵国玺).1991.Physicochemistry of Surfactants.Beijing:Peking University Press.182(in Chinese)
[23] Zhao Q-R(赵青蓉),Yu R(余蓉).2001.Determination of residual Tween-80 by spectrophotometer in S/D-treated pure SPCA product.Chin J Transfusion(中国输血杂志),9(3):122～124(in Chinese)
[24] Zheng H-H(郑和辉),Ye C-M(叶常明).2002.Photodegradation of acetochlor and butachlor in soil.Environ Chem(环境化学),21(2):117～122(in Chinese)