黑河流域荒漠绿洲过渡带两种优势植物种群空间格局特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 应用地统计学的原理和方法,对降水量117.1 mm、降水量和潜在蒸发量比值为0.05的荒漠绿洲过渡带斑块状植被优势植物泡泡刺、红砂种群的密度、盖度以及泡泡刺沙堆体积和高度的空间格局进行了研究.结果表明,泡泡刺和红砂种群平均盖度分别为1.56±2.34%和0.23±0.22%;密度分别为1.5±1.8丛·100 m^-2和2.3±2.1株·100 m^-2.泡泡刺灌丛沙堆是稳定戈壁下垫面受风沙流干扰形成的一种景观,灌丛高度和体积都比较小,平均值分别为0.18±0.15 m和0.10±0.18 m³.泡泡刺种群在样地内靠近绿洲和浅山区有几条明显的分布带,而红砂分布相对均匀.用半方差函数分析表明,两种种群密度和盖度的块金值与基台值之比都比较小,介于0.08～0.12之间,说明在总空间异质性中随机因素所起的作用很小,占8%～12%.两种种群盖度和密度的变程相近,基本在34 m以内,其中随机因素引起的异质性对应的尺度在10 m以下,而结构性因素引起的异质性对应的尺度为10～34 m.泡泡刺和红砂种群盖度和密度的空间异质性均具有各向同性和各向异性特征,其中红砂种群的各向同性的范围略大于泡泡刺种群.泡泡刺种群空间格局的塑造主要受降水量及其形成地表径流的控制.

关键词: 黑河流域, 过渡带, 红砂, 泡泡刺, 空间格局, 空间异质性

Abstract: Based on the field investigation in a 500 m×500 m plot and applying geo statistical theory and methods,this paper described the spatial pattern of the coverage,density,height and volume of two shrub populations Nitraria sphaerocarpa and Reaumuria soongorica at the transitional zone between oasis and desert of Heihe River Basin.The average coverage of the two populations was 1.56±2.34% and 0.23±0.22%,and their average density was 1.5±1.8 clump·100 m^-2 and 2.3±2.1 individual·100 m^-2,respectively.The height of N. sphaerocarpa was 0.18±0.15 m,and its volume 0.10±0.18 m³. N. sphaerocarpa population exhibited strip distribution pattern,while R. soongorica population showed uniform distribution pattern.The nugget (c₀) /sill (c₀+c) ratio of the semivariogram of the two populations was 0.08～0.12,which indicates that the random variance of spatial heterogeneity occupied 8%～12%.In semivariogram model,the range value (A₀) of the coverage and density was 14.7 and 33.9 m for N. sphaerocarpa,and 25.2 m and 24.9 m for R. soongorica,respectively.As a whole,the random spatial heterogeneity existed at the scale of 10m,and autocorrelated spatial heterogeneity existed at the scale of 34 m.The spatial heterogeneity of the coverage and density of the two dominant populations showed both isotropy and anisotropy,and the isotropy scope of R.soongorica population was larger than that of N.sphaerocarpa.The spatial pattern of N. sphaerocarpa population was controlled by two factors.The first was precipitation and surface runoff,and the second was oasisofication and desertification.

Key words: Heihe River Basin, Transitional zone, Reaumuria soongorica, Nitraria sphaerocarpa, Spatial pattern, Spatial heterogeneity

中图分类号:

Q948.15

何志斌, 赵文智. 黑河流域荒漠绿洲过渡带两种优势植物种群空间格局特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (6): 947-952.

HE Zhibin, ZHAO Wenzhi. Spatial pattern of two dominant shrub populations at transitional zone between oasis and desert of Heihe River Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (6): 947-952.

参考文献

[1] Andrew JB,Robert LW.1999.Trans.Zhao W-Z(赵文智),Wang G-X(王根绪).2002.Eco-Hydrology Plants and Water in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments.Beijing:Ocean Press.(in Chinese)
[2] Chang X-L(常学礼),Wu J-G(邬建国).1998.Spatial nanlysis of pattern of sandy landscapes in Kerqin,Inner Mongolia.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),18(3):225～232(in Chinese)
[3] Chen Y-F(陈玉福),Yu F-H(于飞海),Dong M(董鸣).2000.Spatial heterogeneity of the psammophytic half-shrub community in Mu Us Sandland.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),20(4):568～572(in Chinese)
[4] Cressie NAC.1991.Statistics for Spatial Data.New York:John-Wiley & Sons.
[5] Dutilleul P,Legender P.1993.Spatial heterogeneity against heteroscedasticity:An ecological paradigm versus a statistica concept.Oikos,66:152～167
[6] Guo X-D(郭旭东),Fu B-J(傅伯杰),Chen L-D(陈利顶),et al.2000.The spatial-temporal variability of soil nutrients in Zunhua Plain of Hebei province:Semivariogram and Kriging analysis.Acta Geogr Sin(地理学报),55(5):555～567(in Chinese)
[7] Issaks EH,Srivastava RM.1989.An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics.New York:Oxford University Press.
[8] Jia B-Q(贾宝全),Ci L-J(慈龙骏),Cai T-J(蔡体久),et al.2002.Preliminary research on changing soil water characters at ecotone between oasis and desert.Acta Phytoecol Sin(植物生态学报),26(2):203～208(in Chinese)
[9] Kolasa J,Pickett STA.1991.Ecological Heterogeneity.New York:Springer-Verlag.
[10] Legender P,Fortin MJ.1989.Spatial pattern and ecological analysis.Vegetation,80:107～138
[11] Levin SA.1992.The problem of pattern and scale in ecology.Ecology,73:1943～1967
[12] Li H,Reynolds JF.1995.On definition and quantification of heterogeneity.Oikos,73:280～284
[13] Li H-B(李哈滨),Wang Z-Q(王政权),Wang Q-C(王庆成).1998.Theory and methodology of spatial heterogeneity quantification.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),9(6):651～657(in Chinese)
[14] Liu J-Q(刘家琼),Qiu M-X(邱明新),Pu J-C(蒲锦春),et al.1982.Typical extreme xerophyte-Reaumuria soongorica in the desert of China.Acta Bot Sin(植物学报),24(5):485～488(in Chinese)
[15] Miller RE,Hoef JMV,Fowler NL.1995.Spatial heterogeneity in eight central Texas grasslands.Ecology,83:919～928
[16] Robertson GP.1987.Geostatistics in ecology:Interpolating with known variance.Ecology,68:744～748
[17] Schlesinger WH,Raikes JA,Hartley AE,et al.1996.On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems.Ecology,77:364～150
[18] Turner MG,Gardner RH.1991.Quantitative methods in landscape ecology.The Analysis and Interpretation of Landscape Heterogeneity.New York:Springer-Verlag.
[19] Turner MG.1987.Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance.New York:Springer-Verlag.
[20] Wang Z-Q(王政权),Wang Q-C(王庆成).2000.The spatial heterogeneity of soil physical properities in forests.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),20(6):945～950(in Chinese)
[21] Wang Z-Q(王政权).1999.Geostatistics and Its Application in Ecology.Beijing:Science Press.150～156(in Chinese)
[22] Webster R.1985.Quantitative spatial analysis of soil in the fields.Adv Soil Sci,3:1～70
[23] Xiao D-N(肖笃宁),Bu R-C(布仁仓),Li X-Z(李秀珍).1997.Spatial ecology and landscape heterogeneity.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),17(5):453～461(in Chinese)
[24] Yang Z-H(杨自辉),Gao Z-H(高志海).2000.Impact of precipitation and underground water level in the edge of oasis on growth and decline of Nitraria tangugtorum community.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),11(6):923～926(in Chinese)
[25] Zhao W-Z(赵文智),Cheng G-D(程国栋).2001.Review of several problems on the study of eco-hydrological processes in arid zones.Chin Sci Bull(科学通报),46(22):1851～1857(in Chinese)
[26] Zu Y-G(祖元刚),Ma K-M(马克明),Zhang X-J(张喜军).1997. A fractal method for analyzing spatial heterogeneity of vegetation.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),17(3):333～337(in Chinese)