嫩江上游流域生态系统水量平衡的研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以2级流域为研究单元,在流域结构特征调查分析的基础上,通过不同生态系统和不同森林类型对降水再分配的观测,从林分、生态系统和流域不同尺度和水平上定量分析了森林类型、生态系统、流域的水量平衡.结果表明,落叶松人工林的林冠截留率最大,表现出比天然白桦林、天然黑桦林和天然阔叶混交林具有较强的蓄水和拦截功能.蒸散是森林生态系统水分输出的主要形式,天然阔叶混交林和人工针叶林径流量相对较小.蒸散也是农田和草地水分输出的主要形式,它们的蒸散值分别占降雨量的91.06%、81.02%,草地蒸散值大于森林,具有较小的径流,表现出很强的蓄水保水作用,而农田蒸散值小于森林,径流量最大.流域总蒸散占降水的80.84%,径流占23.26%.

关键词: 流域, 生态系统, 森林, 水量平衡

Abstract: Taken the second-degree watershed as study unit,on the basis of investigation and analysis on the structure character of the watershed, water balance in different level and scale such as forest types, ecosystem types and watershed was discussed quantitatively.Compared with natural secondary forests of birch, Dahurian birch, and broadleaf tree mixed one, larch plantation showed higher sluice function due to its higher canopy interception percentage. Evapotranspiration was the main form of water transportation in different ecosystems. The amount of runoff of natural mixed forest and larch plantation was significantly less than that of other forest types. The evapotranspiration percentage of grassland was 91.06%, which was higher than that of forests. But the evapotranspiration percentage of farmland was only 81.02%, which was lower than that of forests. It was Suggested that grassland had a very important function in sluice and retention storage capacity. In the end, the evapotranspiration of the total watershed acoounted for 80.84% of the precipitation, and only 23.26% for the runoff.

Key words: Watershed, Ecosystem, Forest, Water balance

中图分类号:

S715.5

陈祥伟. 嫩江上游流域生态系统水量平衡的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2001, (6): 903-907.

CHEN Xiangwei . Water balance of watershed ecosystem in river upper reaches of Nenjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001, (6): 903-907.

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