典型毛竹入侵阔叶林生境凋落物、土壤碳氮组分及酶活性特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202502.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以常绿阔叶林、阔叶-毛竹混交林和毛竹纯林组成的典型毛竹入侵带为研究对象,探究毛竹入侵对阔叶林凋落物输入数量与质量、土壤碳氮组分和酶活性的影响及三者之间的关系。结果表明:与阔叶林相比,阔叶-毛竹混交林的凋落物现存量、凋落物年输入量和凋落物碳含量分别降低了49.0%、7.3%和8.2%,而其在毛竹纯林中分别降低了59.5%、48.6%和18.7%。毛竹入侵导致阔叶林土壤有机碳显著降低,与阔叶林相比,毛竹纯林的土壤总有机碳和总氮分别降低了52.1%和15.0%,但混交林与阔叶林无显著差异。毛竹入侵显著提高了土壤微生物生物量碳和氮,但降低了土壤活性和惰性碳组分含量及惰性碳组分占土壤有机碳的比例。毛竹纯林和混交林的土壤多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性总体低于阔叶林,但毛竹纯林的单位土壤有机碳酶活性显著高于阔叶林和混交林。土壤总有机碳和惰性有机碳组分与凋落物年输入量、现存量和凋落物碳含量呈显著正相关,而与单位土壤有机碳的酚氧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性呈显著负相关。结构方程模型分析表明,毛竹入侵主要通过降低凋落物年输入量和提高单位有机碳的土壤酶活性来降低土壤惰性碳积累。综上,毛竹入侵降低了凋落物碳输入,提高了单位有机碳分解酶活性,不利于阔叶林土壤有机质积累。

关键词: 毛竹入侵, 凋落物输入, 土壤碳库, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: We investigated the effects of bamboo invasion on the quantity and quality of litter input, soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions and enzyme activities across an invasion sequence composed of evergreen broadleaved forest, mixed broadleaved and bamboo forest, and pure Moso bamboo forest. The results showed that stan-ding litter biomass, annual litter production, and the litter C content in mixed broadleaved and Moso bamboo forest was lower than the broadleaved forest by 49.0%, 7.3% and 8.2%, respectively, while that in pure Moso bamboo forest was lower than the broadleaved forest by 59.5%, 48.6%, and 18.7%. Bamboo invasion resulted in a significant decrease in soil organic C in broadleaved forest. Compared with broadleaved forest, soil organic C and total N in pure Moso bamboo forest were decreased by 52.1% and 15.0%. There was no significant difference between the mixed forest and broadleaved forest. Bamboo invasion significantly increased soil microbial biomass C and N, but decreased soil labile and recalcitrant C pools, as well as the proportion of recalcitrant C pool to soil organic C. The activities of soil phenol oxidase, peroxidase and β-glucosidase in mixed forest and pure bamboo forest were generally lower than those in broadleaved forest. The specific enzyme activities (per unit of soil organic C) in bamboo forest was significantly higher than that in the broadleaved forest and mixed forest. Soil organic C content and the recalcitrant C fraction were significantly positively correlated with annual litter production, standing litter biomass, and litter C content, but negatively correlated with the specific enzyme activities of phenol oxidase and peroxidase. Results of structural equation modeling showed that Moso bamboo invasion decreased recalcitrant C pool mainly by reducing litter input and enhancing the specific activities of enzymes involved in organic C degradation. In conclusion, Moso bamboo invasion reduced litter C input, increased the specific activities of soil enzymes involved in soil organic matter decomposition, which was not conducive to the accumulation of soil organic matter in broadleaved forest.

Key words: bamboo invasion; litter input; soil carbon pool; soil enzyme activity

孙榕, 赵颖志, 陈勇, 郑旭理, 周燕, 邵帅, 梁辰飞, 秦华, 陈俊辉. 典型毛竹入侵阔叶林生境凋落物、土壤碳氮组分及酶活性特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(2): 489-496.

SUN Rong, ZHAO Yingzhi, CHEN Yong, ZHENG Xuli, ZHOU Yan, SHAO Shuai, LIANG Chenfei, QIN Hua, CHEN Junhui. Litter, soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and enzyme activity in a typical broadleaved forest invaded by Moso bamboo.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(2): 489-496.

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