冻融作用对东北黑土区坡耕地土壤微生物养分限制的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202410.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分析冻融作用对土壤微生物养分限制的影响,可为黑土资源可持续利用提供重要支撑。本研究选取位于黑龙江省克山县典型厚层黑土区的坡耕地,测定自然条件下冻融前后土壤养分、土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性等,结合¹³⁷Cs示踪技术估算多年平均土壤侵蚀速率,研究冻融作用对土壤微生物养分限制的影响,并分析土壤微生物养分限制对土壤侵蚀速率的响应。结果表明: 1)坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率变化范围为479.31～7802.33 t·km^-2·a^-1,平均值为2751.02 t·km^-2·a^-1。2)冻融作用下坡耕地土壤水溶性有机氮和微生物生物量碳(MBC)分别显著降低了27.9%和37.3%,而冻融作用对土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、水溶性有机碳、速效磷、微生物生物量氮和磷均无显著影响。3)冻融作用下坡耕地β-1,4-葡糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡糖苷酶活性分别降低了43.2%、11.0%和25.5%。酶计量矢量模型计算结果表明,土壤微生物受到相对碳和磷限制,冻融作用减弱了土壤微生物相对碳限制,而增强了土壤微生物相对磷限制。4)结构方程模型分析表明,冻融作用对土壤微生物相对磷限制和相对碳限制分别存在直接正和负效应;土壤侵蚀速率对土壤微生物相对碳限制存在直接负效应。5)冻融前后土壤SOC和TN、冻融后TP、冻融后MBC和冻融前矢量长度与土壤侵蚀速率呈显著负相关。冻融作用降低了土壤碳氮获取酶活性,进而改变了土壤微生物养分限制状况。本研究加深了黑土区冻融作用对土壤微生物养分限制影响的机理认识,为黑土区坡耕地养分管理提供了重要支撑。

关键词: 冻融作用, 土壤侵蚀, 土壤酶活性, 微生物养分限制, 东北黑土区

Abstract: Understanding the impacts of freeze-thaw action on soil microbial nutrient limitation can provide important support for sustainable utilization of black soil resources. We analyzed the impacts of freeze-thaw action on soil microbial nutrient limitation on a slope farmland located in a typical thick Mollisol region of Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province. We examined the responses of soil microbial nutrient limitation to soil erosion rates through measuring soil nutrient, soil microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activities before and after freeze-thaw under natural conditions, and estimated the soil erosion rates by ¹³⁷Cs tracing technology. The results showed that: 1) soil erosion rates of slope farmland ranged from 479.31 to 7802.33 t·km^-2·a^-1, with an average value of 2751.02 t·km^-2·a^-1. 2) Under freeze-thaw process, soil water-soluble organic nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of slope farmland significantly decreased by 27.9% and 37.3%, respectively. However, the freeze-thaw process did not affect soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), water-soluble organic carbon, soil available phosphorus, microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus. 3) Under freeze-thaw action, the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase, L-leucine aminopeptidase and β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase significantly decreased by 43.2%, 11.0%, and 25.5%, respectively. The results of the enzyme quantification vector model indicated that soil microorganisms were limited by carbon and phosphorus availability. The freeze-thaw action weakened the relative carbon limitation of soil microorganisms and strengthened the phosphorus limitation. 4) The structural equation model analysis indicated that freeze-thaw action had a direct positive effect on relative phosphorus limitation and a negative effect on relative carbon limitation in soil microorganisms. Soil erosion rates had a direct negative effect on relative carbon limitation of soil microorganisms. 5) Soil erosion rates had significantly negative influences on SOC and TN before and after freeze-thaw, TP after freeze-thaw, MBC after freeze-thaw, and vector length before freeze-thaw. Overall, freeze-thaw action reduced the activities of soil carbon and nitrogen acquisition enzymes and further changed the resource limitation of soil microorganisms. Our results could improve the understanding of the mechanisms regarding freeze-thaw action impact on the limitation of soil microbial resource in the Chinese Mollisol region and provide scientific support for nutrient management of slope farmland.

Key words: freeze-thaw action, soil erosion, soil enzyme activity, soil microbial resource limitation, Chinese Mollisol region

安小兵, 郑粉莉, 王雪松, 杨新月, 梁瑞, 王伦. 冻融作用对东北黑土区坡耕地土壤微生物养分限制的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(10): 2744-2754.

AN Xiaobing, ZHENG Fenli, WANG Xuesong, YANG Xinyue, LIANG Rui, WANG Lun. Impacts of freeze-thaw process on soil microbial nutrient limitation in slope farmlands of the Chinese Mollisol region[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(10): 2744-2754.

参考文献

[1] 刘绪军, 景国臣, 杨亚娟, 等. 冻融交替作用对表层黑土结构的影响. 中国水土保持科学, 2015, 13(1): 42-46
[2] Harris JA, Birch P. Soil microbial activity in opencast coal mine restoration. Soil Use and Management, 1989, 5: 155-160
[3] Leff JW, Jones SE, Prober SM, et al. Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015, 112: 10967-10972
[4] Oksana C, Gerlinde BDD, Martine PDV. Soil microbiota as game-changers in restoration of degraded lands. Science, 2022, 375: eabe0725
[5] 梁文举, 董元华, 李英滨, 等. 土壤健康的生物学表征与调控. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(2): 719-728
[6] 蒋婧, 宋明华. 植物与土壤微生物在调控生态系统养分循环中的作用. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(8): 979-988
[7] 王志明, 朱培立, 黄东迈, 等. 水旱轮作条件下土壤有机碳的分解及土壤微生物量碳的周转特征. 江苏农业学报, 2003, 19(1): 33-36
[8] 韩露, 万忠梅, 孙赫阳. 冻融作用对土壤物理、化学和生物学性质影响的研究进展. 土壤通报, 2018, 49(3): 736-742
[9] 孙嘉鸿. 冻融循环作用对泥炭沼泽土壤碳排放的影响及其微生物机制. 硕士论文. 长春: 东北师范大学, 2022
[10] 魏丽红. 冻融交替对黑土土壤有机质及氮钾养分的影响. 硕士论文. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2004
[11] Allison VJ, Condron LM, Peltzer DA, et al. Changes in enzyme activities and soil microbial community composition along carbon and nutrient gradients at the Franz Josef chronosequence, New Zealand. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007, 39: 1770-1781
[12] Demisie W, Liu ZY, Zhang MK. Effect of biochar on carbon fractions and enzyme activity of red soil. Catena, 2014, 121: 214-221
[13] Chen H, Li DJ, Xiao KC, et al. Soil microbial processes and resource limitation in karst and non-karst forests. Functional Ecology, 2018, 32: 1400-1409
[14] Deng L, Peng CH, Huang CB, et al. Drivers of soil microbial metabolic limitation changes along a vegetation restoration gradient on the Loess Plateau, China. Geoderma, 2019, 353: 188-200
[15] 莫帅豪, 王雪松, 郑粉莉, 等. 典型黑土区坡面侵蚀-沉积对土壤微生物养分限制的影响. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(6): 3023-3033
[16] 宗宁, 石培礼, 赵广帅, 等. 降水量变化对藏北高寒草地养分限制的影响. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 444-455
[17] Du T, Zhang L, Chen YL, et al. Decreased snow depth inhibits litter decomposition via changes in litter micro-bial biomass and enzyme activity. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 921: 171078
[18] Fu Q, Yan JW, Li H, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on nitrogen mineralization in black soil with different moisture contents under freeze-thaw cycles. Geoderma, 2019, 353: 459-467
[19] 鲁博权, 臧淑英, 孙丽. 冻融作用对大兴安岭典型森林土壤活性有机碳和氮矿化的影响. 环境科学学报, 2019, 39(5): 1664-1672
[20] 王世佳, 郭亚芬, 崔晓阳. 大兴安岭地区林下土壤酶活性对冻融交替的响应. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(5): 1211-1217
[21] 刘志强, 杨明义, 刘普灵, 等. ¹³⁷Cs示踪技术背景值研究进展与建议. 核农学报, 2008, 22(6): 913-917, 922
[22] 莫帅豪. 典型东北黑土区农地侵蚀对土壤质量的影响评价. 硕士论文. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2023
[23] 高雨秋, 戴晓琴, 王建雷, 等. 亚热带人工林下植被根际土壤酶化学计量特征. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(3): 258-272
[24] Zhang GH, Ding WF, Pu J, et al. Effects of moss-dominated biocrusts on soil detachment by overland flow in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China. Journal of Mountain Science, 2020, 17: 2418-2431
[25] 吴金水, 林启美, 黄巧云. 土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用. 北京: 气象出版社, 2006: 54-140
[26] Saiya-Cork KR, Sinsabaugh RL, Zak DR. The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2002, 34: 1309-1315
[27] 王雪松, 郑粉莉, 王婧, 等. 气候变化对谷子生育期土壤碳氮磷转化相关酶活性的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2021, 40(7): 1591-1600
[28] Zhang XB, Higgitt DL, Walling DE, et al. A preliminary assessment of the potential for using caesium-137 to estimate rates of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau of China. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 1990, 35: 243-252
[29] Moorhead DL, Rinkes ZL, Sinsabaugh RL, et al. Dynamic relationships between microbial biomass, respiration, inorganic nutrients and enzyme activities: Informing enzyme-based decomposition models. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2013, 4: 223
[30] Sterner RW, Elser JJ, Peter V. Ecological Stoichiome-try: The Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 2002: 225-226
[31] 中华人民共和国水利部. 土壤侵蚀分类分级标准: SL 190—2007. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2008: 8-9
[32] 王洋, 刘景双, 王全英. 冻融作用对土壤团聚体及有机碳组分的影响. 生态环境学报, 2013, 22(7): 1269-1274
[33] Chenu C, Plante AF. Clay-sized organo-mineral complexes in a cultivation chronosequence: Revisiting the concept of the ‘primary organo-mineral complex’. European Journal of Soil Science, 2006, 57: 596-607
[34] Gao DC, Bai E, Yang Y, et al. A global meta-analysis on freeze-thaw effects on soil carbon and phosphorus cycling. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2021, 159:108283
[35] 周旺明, 王金达, 刘景双, 等. 冻融对湿地土壤可溶性碳、氮和氮矿化的影响. 生态与农村环境学报, 2008, 24(3): 1-6
[36] 邵明安, 安兴昌. 坡面土壤养分与降雨、径流的相互作用机理及模型. 世界科技研究与发展, 2001, 23(2): 7-12
[37] 谭娟, 范昊明, 许秀泉, 等. 融雪与降雨侵蚀条件下水土保持措施因子值对比研究. 水土保持研究, 2017, 24(3): 29-32, 38
[38] Feng XJ, Nielsen LL, Simpson MJ. Responses of soil organic matter and microorganisms to freeze-thaw cycles. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007, 39: 2027-2037
[39] Ren YB, Ren NQ. Effect of freeze-thaw action on phosphorus adsorption and desorption in forest wetland soils at high latitudes. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, 316-317: 487-492
[40] Walker VK, Palmer GR, Voordouw G. Freeze-thaw tole-rance and clues to the winter survival of a soil community. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006, 72: 1784-1792
[41] 米琦, 王毅, 秦小静, 等. 青藏高原高寒草甸不同围栏年限土壤酶化学计量特征. 草地学报, 2021, 29(1): 33-41
[42] Burns RG, DeForest JL, Marxsen J, et al. Soil enzymes in a changing environment: Current knowledge and future directions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013, 58: 216-234
[43] Olander LP, Vitousek PM. Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activity by N and P availability. Biogeochemistry, 2000, 49: 175-190
[44] Hardy JP, Groffman PM, Fitzhugh RD, et al. Snow depth manipulation and its influence on soil frost and water dynamics in a northern hardwood forest. Biogeochemistry, 2001, 56: 151-174
[45] Zhou XQ, Chen CR, Wang YF, et al. Warming and increased precipitation have differential effects on soil extracellular enzyme activities in a temperate grassland. Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 444: 552-558
[46] Sinsabaugh RL, Hill BH, Shah JJF. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment. Nature, 2009, 462: 795-U117
[47] Cui YX, Wang X, Zhang XC, et al. Soil moisture mediates microbial carbon and phosphorus metabolism during vegetation succession in a semiarid region. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2020, 147: 107814
[48] Wang L, Zheng FL, Liu G, et al. Seasonal changes of soil erosion and its spatial distribution on a long gentle hillslope in the Chinese Mollisol region. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2021, 9: 394-404
[49] He YX, Zhang FB, Yang MY, et al. Insights from size fractions to interpret the erosion-driven variations in soil organic carbon on black soil sloping farmland, Northeast China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2023, 343: 108283
[50] Fissore C, Dalzell BJ, Berhe AA, et al. Influence of topography on soil organic carbon dynamics in a Southern California grassland. Catena, 2017, 149: 140-149
[51] Zhang JH, Wang Y, Li FC. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen losses due to soil erosion and cropping in a sloping terrace landscape. Soil Research, 2015, 53: 87-96
[52] Li T, Zhang HC, Wang XY, et al. Soil erosion affects variations of soil organic carbon and soil respiration along a slope in Northeast China. Ecological Processes, 2019, 8: 28
[53] 张冠华, 易亮, 孙宝洋, 等. 亚热带苔藓结皮对土壤-微生物-胞外酶化学计量特征的影响. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(7): 1791-1800
[54] Zhou ZH, Wang CK. Reviews and syntheses: Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China’s forest ecosystems. Biogeosciences, 2015, 12: 6751-6760
[55] 吴秀芝, 阎欣, 王波, 等. 荒漠草地沙漠化对土壤-微生物-胞外酶化学计量特征的影响. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(10): 1022-1032
[56] Cui YX, Fang LC, Guo XB, et al. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and microbial nutrient limitation in rhizosphere soil in the arid area of the northern Loess Pla-teau, China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2018, 116: 11-21