华西雨屏区不同林龄柳杉人工林土壤有机碳组分特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤有机碳组分是衡量土壤肥力和土壤碳汇能力的重要指标,在维持全球碳平衡中具有重要作用,但不同林龄人工林土壤有机碳组分特征仍不清楚。本研究以华西雨屏区7、13、24、33和53年柳杉人工林为研究对象,测定0～15和15～30 cm土壤有机碳组分含量,包括颗粒有机碳(POC)、易氧化有机碳(EOC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)、重组有机碳(HFOC)、活性有机碳(LOC)和惰性有机碳(IOC)。结果表明: 1)POC含量随林龄增加而增加,而LOC、EOC、LFOC、HFOC、IOC含量均随林龄增加呈先增加后减少趋势,且24年和33年林龄显著高于其他林龄。2)0～15 cm土壤有机碳组分含量整体均显著高于15～30 cm。随林龄增加,POC和LFOC的土层间差值呈增加趋势,EOC和LOC的土层间差值呈先增加后减少趋势。3)方差分解结果表明,土壤真菌、细菌生物量及酶活性等生物学指标对POC变异的相对解释率大于土壤理化性质,其余有机碳组分主要受土壤理化性质和土壤微生物的共同调控。结构方程模型进一步表明,除对POC的直接影响外,林龄通过影响土壤生物化学变量间接调控有机碳组分含量。综上,柳杉人工林土壤有机碳组分含量具有明显的林龄效应,这种效益受到土壤生物化学特性的显著调控。本研究结果有助于深入认识不同生长阶段柳杉人工林土壤固碳能力,为区域柳杉人工林碳汇功能提升提供一定的科学依据。

关键词: 华西雨屏区, 柳杉, 人工林, 林龄, 土壤有机碳组分

Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) components are crucial indicators of soil fertility and carbon sequestration capacity, playing a pivotal role in maintaining global carbon balance. However, the dynamics of SOC components across plantations with different stand ages remain poorly understood. In this study, we collected soil samples (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) from 7, 13, 24, 33 and 53 years stands of Cryptomeria japonica plantations in the Rainy Area of Western China to quantify the contents of different SOC components, including particulate organic carbon (POC), easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), labile organic carbon (LOC), and inert organic carbon (IOC). The results showed that: 1) POC content increased continuously with stand age, while contents of LOC, EOC, LFOC, HFOC, and IOC followed unimodal patterns, peaking at 24- and 33-year-old stands. 2) All SOC components were significantly higher in surface layer (0-15 cm) than subsurface layer (15-30 cm). The differences in POC and LFOC between two soil layers increased with stand ages, while EOC and LOC exhibited maximal inter-layer differences at 24 and 33 years, respectively. 3) Results of variance partitioning analysis showed that microbial variables (fungal and bacterial biomass, and enzyme activities) exerted stronger explanatory power on POC variation than soil physicochemical pro-perties. Other SOC components were co-regulated by both biological and physiochemical factors. Partial least squares path modeling further demonstrated that stand age directly influenced POC and indirectly modulated all SOC components by mediating soil physicochemical and microbial characteristics. In all, our findings suggested that there were distinct age-dependent patterns in SOC components in C. japonica plantation and their vertical stratification were driven by stand age-associated changes in soil microbial and physiochemical properties. This study would be helpful for understanding soil carbon sequestration along plantation development, and could offer scientific basis for enhancing carbon sink functions in C. japonica plantation.

Key words: Rainy Area of Western China, Cryptomeria japonica, artificial forest, stand age, soil organic carbon component

王越汉, 王瑞, 李宇, 游成铭, 徐琳, 徐红伟, 谭波, 徐振锋. 华西雨屏区不同林龄柳杉人工林土壤有机碳组分特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(4): 1024-1034.

WANG Yuehan, WANG Rui, LI Yu, YOU Chengming, XU Lin, XU Hongwei, TAN Bo, XU Zhenfeng. Characteristics of soil organic carbon components across a chronosequence of Cryptomeria japonica plantations in Rainy Area of Western China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(4): 1024-1034.

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