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应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 1013-1023.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.011

• 土壤生态与健康农业专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

节水灌溉对次生盐渍化耕地玉米苗期生长、气孔特征及光合性能的影响

王伏琴1,2,3, 岳健敏1,2,3*, 赫文文1,2,3, 李昱龙4, 李阳1,2,3, 马国军1,2,3   

  1. 1宁夏大学生态环境学院, 银川 750021;
    2宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021;
    3宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 银川 750021;
    4宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-21 接受日期:2025-02-14 出版日期:2025-04-18 发布日期:2025-10-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: jianminyue@nxu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王伏琴, 女, 1998年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事困难立地生态修复研究。E-mail: wfq111223@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600)和宁夏自然科学基金优青项目(2022AAC05005)

Effects of water-saving irrigation on seedling growth, stomatal characteristics and photosynthetic properties of maize in secondary salinized cultivated land

WANG Fuqin1,2,3, YUE Jianmin1,2,3*, HE Wenwen1,2,3, LI Yulong4, LI Yang1,2,3, MA Guojun1,2,3   

  1. 1School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
    2Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
    3Cultivation Base of Northwest State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
    4College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
  • Received:2024-08-21 Accepted:2025-02-14 Online:2025-04-18 Published:2025-10-18

摘要: 为明确不同节水灌溉技术对干旱灌区玉米苗期盐胁迫的缓解效应,以‘先玉1225'玉米为供试材料,在引黄灌区盐化耕地设置3种灌溉处理:玉米播种期和三叶期均进行地表畦灌(T1:两时期灌溉量均为65 mm)、播种期和三叶期分别进行畦灌和滴灌(T2、T3:播种期灌溉量均为65 mm,三叶期灌溉量分别为39和52 mm),以非盐化耕地播种期和三叶期畦灌(两时期灌溉量均为65 mm)为对照(CK),探讨节水灌溉对盐胁迫下玉米苗期叶片形态、光合生理、光合组织结构及叶片荧光特性的影响。结果表明: 节水灌溉技术(畦灌+滴灌)可有效降低盐化耕地耕作层(0~20 cm)土壤含盐量并减缓土壤返盐作用。与CK相比,盐化土壤不同灌溉处理显著改变了玉米叶片形态,降低了抗氧化酶活性、气孔结构、光合色素含量、光合荧光性能,其中T1处理降幅最大,T2与T3处理降幅减小,且T3处理玉米叶片抗氧化酶活性、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、有效光化学效率均能提升至与CK无显著差异。结构方程模型分析表明,节水灌溉降盐技术主要通过降低植物Na+含量、保护光合组织和调整光合色素占比,从而增加玉米最大光化学效率,缓解盐胁迫对苗期玉米生长的抑制,其中以T3模式在研究区表现最优。

关键词: 引黄灌区, 玉米, 盐胁迫, 节水灌溉, 光合组织结构, 光合荧光性能

Abstract: To clarify the alleviating effect of different water-saving irrigations at the seedling stage of maize under salt stress in arid irrigation area, we used ‘Xianyu 1225' maize as the test material, and set up three irrigation treatments (T1, T2, and T3) in the salinized land in the Yellow River irrigation area. T1 treatment was the surface furrow irrigation at the sowing stage and three-leaf stage (T1, irrigation amount was 65 mm at both stages). Both T2 and T3 treatments were furrow irrigation at the sowing stage and drip irrigation at three-leaf stage (the irrigation amount at the sowing stage was 65 mm, and the irrigation amount at the three-leaf stage was 39 and 52 mm, respectively). The control (CK) was furrow irrigation at the sowing stage and the three-leaf stage in non-salinized land (irrigation amount was 65 mm at both stages). We investigated the effects of water-saving irrigation on leaf morphology, photosynthetic physiology, photosynthetic tissue structure and leaf fluorescence characteristics of maize seedlings under salinity stress. The results showed that furrow irrigation combined with drip irrigation could effectively reduced soil salt content and weakened soil salinity returning to the 0-20 cm soil layer of salinized land. Compared with CK, different irrigation treatments significantly changed the morphology, reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, stomatal structure, photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic fluorescence performance of maize leaves under salinity stress. Such decreases were the largest under the T1 treatment, and were relieved under T2 and T3 treatments. Furthermore, T3 treatment differed little in the antioxidant enzyme activities, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, effective photochemical efficiency of maize leaves compared to CK. According to the results of structural equation model analysis, the water-saving irrigation increased the maximum photochemical efficiency of maize and alleviated the inhibition of salt stress on maize growth at seedling stage by reducing the Na+ content of plants, protecting the photosynthetic tissue and adjusting the proportion of photosynthetic pigments. In conclusion, the T3 mode was the best irrigation strategy in the study area.

Key words: Yellow River irrigation area, maize, salt stress, water-saving irrigation, photosynthetic tissue structure, photosynthetic fluorescence performance