黄河口海域表层沉积物重金属空间分布与来源解析

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202507.032

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 2213-2222.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202507.032

黄河口海域表层沉积物重金属空间分布与来源解析

樊文政^1,2, 王娇², 姜少玉^2,3, 池建宇^2,3, 陈琳琳², 李宝泉², 陈静^2*, 刘晓玲¹

¹烟台大学生命科学学院, 山东烟台 264003;
²中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 山东烟台 264003;
³中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-03-07 接受日期:2025-04-29 出版日期:2025-07-18 发布日期:2026-01-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: jchen@yic.ac.cn
作者简介:樊文政, 男, 2000年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事海洋生态学研究。E-mail: m19712031356@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42176160,42276142)、生态环境部陆海统筹生态治理与系统调控重点实验室开放基金(LSEGSR202404)和山东省贝类产业技术体系建设专项资金(SDAIT-14-05)

Distribution characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Yellow River estuary

FAN Wenzheng^1,2, WANG Jiao², JIANG Shaoyu^2,3, CHI Jianyu^2,3, CHEN Linlin², LI Baoquan², CHEN Jing^2*, LIU Xiaoling¹

¹School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China;
²Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China;
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-03-07 Accepted:2025-04-29 Online:2025-07-18 Published:2026-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究黄河口海域表层沉积物重金属的分布特征、生态风险与潜在来源,对10种重金属(Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Ni、V、Co、Mn与As)的含量进行测定分析。结果表明: 黄河口海域表层沉积物重金属含量符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准,其中Mn的平均含量最高(676.60 mg·kg^-1),Cd最低(0.17 mg·kg^-1)。As与Pb高值区集中分布在小清河口至黄河口西北部海域,其他重金属高值区多集中在黄河口及其西北部海域。Cu和Zn无富集,其他重金属均为轻度富集,其中Cd富集系数最高(1.76);Cd地累积指数亦最高(0.32),其他重金属地累积指数均小于零;黄河口海域表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险指数依次为Cd＞As＞Pb＞Co＞Cu＞V＞Ni＞Cr＞Mn＞Zn,整体表现为中等潜在生态风险。自然来源(Ⅰ)、流域工农业-居民生活复合源(Ⅱ)与河口油田开采-农业复合源(Ⅲ)对该区域重金属的贡献率分别为40.1%、34.6%和25.3%,其中Cd主要来源于人类活动,源Ⅱ和Ⅲ对Cd的贡献率分别为36.6%和38.4%。综上,该区域需重点关注与管控Cd,人类活动是黄河口海域表层沉积物重金属的主要来源。

关键词: 黄河口, 重金属, 分布特征, 生态风险, 潜在来源, PMF模型

Abstract: To investigate the spatial distribution, ecological risk, and potential sources of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Yellow River estuary, we analyzed and evaluated the contents of 10 heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, V, Co, Mn, and As). The results showed that heavy metals content in the surface sediments of the Yellow River estuary all met the marine sediment quality standard Class I, with the highest average content of Mn (676.60 mg·kg^-1) and the lowest content of Cd (0.17 mg·kg^-1). The high-value zones of As and Pb were mainly concentrated in the areas from Xiaoqing River estuary to northwestern Yellow River estuary, while the high-value zones of other heavy metals were mostly concentrated in the Yellow River estuary and its northwestern sea. Cu and Zn exhibited no enrichment, while other heavy metals showed mild enrichment, with Cd having the highest enrichment coefficient (1.76). The Cd geo-accumulation index was the highest (0.32), whereas the index for other nine heavy metals was all less than zero. The potential ecological risk index was ordered as Cd > As > Pb > Co > Cu > V > Ni > Cr > Mn > Zn, presenting a moderate potential ecological risk overall in the surface sediments of Yellow River estuary. The potential sources of heavy metals in this region could be divided into natural source (Ⅰ, 40.1%), watershed agricultural-industrial-residential mixed source (Ⅱ, 34.6%), and estuarine oilfield exploitation-agriculture mixed source (Ⅲ, 25.3%), respectively. Cd mainly derived from human activities, with sources Ⅱ and Ⅲ contributing 36.6% and 38.4%, respectively. In conclusion, Cd in this region need more attention and to be controlled. Human activities are the primary source of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Yellow River estuary.

Key words: Yellow River estuary, heavy metal, distribution characteristic, ecological risk, potential source, PMF model

樊文政, 王娇, 姜少玉, 池建宇, 陈琳琳, 李宝泉, 陈静, 刘晓玲. 黄河口海域表层沉积物重金属空间分布与来源解析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(7): 2213-2222.

FAN Wenzheng, WANG Jiao, JIANG Shaoyu, CHI Jianyu, CHEN Linlin, LI Baoquan, CHEN Jing, LIU Xiaoling. Distribution characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Yellow River estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(7): 2213-2222.

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黄河口海域表层沉积物重金属空间分布与来源解析

Distribution characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Yellow River estuary

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