三江源国家公园唐北区藏原羚适宜生境的季节差异

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202507.035

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 2239-2245.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202507.035

三江源国家公园唐北区藏原羚适宜生境的季节差异

桑珠扎西^1,4, 杨俊毅², 安峥旭², 吴佳忆², 路晓平², 王静³, 耿硕², 朱印酒¹, 李宁², 盛岩², 拉琼^1,4, 孟秀祥^1,2*

¹西藏大学生态环境学院, 青藏高原生物多样性与生态环境保护教育部重点实验室, 拉萨 850000;
²中国人民大学生态环境学院, 北京 100872;
³上海海关学院海关与公共管理学院, 上海 201204;
⁴西藏雅尼湿地生态系统定位观测研究站, 西藏林芝 860000

收稿日期:2024-12-02 接受日期:2025-05-29 出版日期:2025-07-18 发布日期:2026-01-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: meng2014@ruc.edu.cn
作者简介:桑珠扎西, 男, 2001年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事高山有蹄类哺乳动物研究。E-mail: 1034947325@qq.com
基金资助:
西藏林业草原生态保护恢复资金建设项目、国家自然科学基金项目(32170489,32470531)、上海市“科技创新行动计划”扬帆专项(22YF1415500)和西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202402ZD0005)

Seasonal habitat suitability analysis of Procapra picti-caudata in the northern Tanggula region of Sanjiang-yuan National Park, China

SANGZHU Zhaxi^1,4, YANG Junyi², AN Zhengxu², WU Jiayi², LU Xiaoping², WANG Jing³, GENG Shuo², ZHU Yinjiu¹, LI Ning², SHENG Yan², Laqiong^1,4, MENG Xiuxiang^1,2*

¹Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China;
²School of Ecology and Environment, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
³School of Customs and Public Administration, Shanghai Customs College, Shanghai 201204, China;
⁴Tibet Yani Wetland Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China

Received:2024-12-02 Accepted:2025-05-29 Online:2025-07-18 Published:2026-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 藏原羚是青藏高原的特有物种、关键种及保护旗舰物种。三江源国家公园唐古拉山以北区域(简称三江源国家公园唐北区)是藏原羚的主要分布区之一,但其种群数量和生存现状不容乐观,亟需有效保护。本研究基于2023年8月—2024年3月对三江源国家公园唐北区开展的样线调查及红外相机监测所采集到的66个藏原羚分布位点,借助MaxEnt生态位模型,结合生物气候因子、地形因子、人类活动环境因子,对三江源国家公园唐北区的藏原羚进行了生境适宜性分析。结果表明: 三江源国家公园唐北区的藏原羚年均适宜区面积为2.236×10⁴ km², 占三江源国家公园唐北区面积的33%,主导环境因子为距道路距离(26.8%)、等温性(24.5%)、最冷季降水量(15.9%)和年降水量(13.0%);藏原羚生境适宜性存在季节差异,冬季的适宜生境面积为1.875×10⁴ km²(占比27.7%),小于夏季的适宜生境2.063×10⁴ km²(占比30.5%)。藏原羚冬季适宜生境主要受平均温度日较差(41.1%)、距道路距离(25.3%)、最潮湿月份降水量(22.0%)和坡度(3.3%)的影响,而夏季适宜生境主要受等温性(28.2%)、年降水量(22.8%)、距道路距离(22.8%)和年平均气温(10.5%)的影响。研究明确了三江源国家公园唐北区域藏原羚的不同季节生境适宜分布和主导环境因子,为精准的藏原羚种群就地保护提供科学依据和参考。

关键词: 三江源国家公园唐古拉以北区域, 藏原羚, MaxEnt模型, 生境适宜性

Abstract: Procapra picticaudata is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that possesses both keystone and flagship qualities. The Tangbei Area (north of the Tanggula Mountains) in the Sanjiangyuan National Park is one of the core distribution areas for P. picticaudata. Both population size and extinction risk of P. picticaudata are concerning for conservation and action is needed. We conducted line transect surveys and infrared camera monitoring from August 2023 to March 2024, collected 66 distribution sites of P. picticaudata recorded in the Tangbei Area. Using the MaxEnt ecological niche model, we analyzed the habitat suitability for P. picticaudata, incorporating bioclimatic factors, topographic factors, and environmental variables associated with human activities. Our results showed that the average suitable habitat area annually for P. picticaudata in Tangbei Area was 2.236 × 10⁴ km², which comprised 33% of the study area. Important environmental factors included distance to roads (26.8%), isothermality (24.5%), precipitation of the coldest quarter (15.9%), and annual precipitation (13.0%). The average seasonal suitable habitat area in winter was 1.875×10⁴ km²(27.7%) and 2.063×10⁴ km²(30.5%) in summer. The factors contributing to winter suitability included mean diurnal range (41.1%), distance to roads (25.3%), precipitation of the wettest month (22.0%), and slope (3.3%). The factors that contributed to summer suitability included isothermality (28.2%), annual precipitation (22.8%), distance to roads (22.8%), and annual mean temperature (10.5%). By identifying the seasonal habitat distribution pattern and environmental variables affecting P. picticaudata habitat in Tangbei Area, our results provide a scientific basis to inform conservation action.

Key words: northern Tanggula region of Sanjiangyuan National Park, Procapra picticaudata, MaxEnt model, habitat suitability

桑珠扎西, 杨俊毅, 安峥旭, 吴佳忆, 路晓平, 王静, 耿硕, 朱印酒, 李宁, 盛岩, 拉琼, 孟秀祥. 三江源国家公园唐北区藏原羚适宜生境的季节差异[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(7): 2239-2245.

SANGZHU Zhaxi, YANG Junyi, AN Zhengxu, WU Jiayi, LU Xiaoping, WANG Jing, GENG Shuo, ZHU Yinjiu, LI Ning, SHENG Yan, Laqiong, MENG Xiuxiang. Seasonal habitat suitability analysis of Procapra picti-caudata in the northern Tanggula region of Sanjiang-yuan National Park, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(7): 2239-2245.

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三江源国家公园唐北区藏原羚适宜生境的季节差异

Seasonal habitat suitability analysis of Procapra picti-caudata in the northern Tanggula region of Sanjiang-yuan National Park, China

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