不同耕作方式下东北黑土区农田生物结皮土壤生态化学计量特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202604.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究黑土区生物结皮对土壤生态化学计量特征的影响可为该区土壤养分评估及科学管理提供理论依据。本研究以东北黑土区农田生物结皮土壤为对象,以去除生物结皮为对照,分析免耕、少耕和常规耕作对生物结皮土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)及微生物生物量碳、氮、磷(MBC、MBN、MBP)生态化学计量特征的影响。结果表明:免耕、少耕和常规耕作的生物结皮盖度分别为31.8%、40.5%和21.8%。在0~2 cm土层,免耕和少耕的生物结皮土壤总氮含量分别为对照的3和2倍,MBC分别较对照显著提高63.3%和31.1%,MBN分别为对照的6.1和6.9倍,常规耕作的MBN为对照的2倍。与常规耕作相比,少耕的有机碳含量显著提高26.6%,免耕的总氮含量是常规耕作的2.3倍,MBC显著提高48.7%,免耕和少耕的MBN分别是常规耕作的2.8和3.2倍。与对照相比,常规耕作、免耕和少耕的C/N分别降低31.5%、65.0%和43.7%,MBC/MBN分别显著降低53.2%、75.2%和82.6%;免耕和少耕的N/P分别显著提高197.3%和86.6%,MBN/MBP分别为对照的4和4.3倍。与常规耕作相比,免耕的C/N显著降低了48.8%,少耕的C/P显著提高了22.9%,免耕和少耕的N/P分别显著提高了134.0%和46.9%,MBN/MBP分别是常规耕作的2.3和2.5倍,各处理间其他指标无显著差异。在2~5 cm土层,土壤各计量指标的变化与0~2 cm土层类似。总氮、总磷、速效钾、平均重量直径和几何平均直径是影响生物结皮土壤生态化学计量特征的关键因子。综上,生物结皮的形成提高了土壤养分,与常规耕作相比,免耕、少耕的实施促使生物结皮进一步发育,养分进一步提高。本研究从土壤生态化学计量特征的角度揭示了生物结皮对土壤养分循环的贡献,为东北黑土区的土壤肥力管理提供理论依据。

关键词: 保护性耕作, 生物结皮, 东北黑土区, 生态化学计量特征

Abstract: Understanding the effects of biocrusts on soil ecological stoichiometry in black soil regions can provide a theoretical foundation for the assessment and scientific management of soil nutrients. Using a treatment with biocrust removal as the control, we analyzed the effects of no tillage, minimum tillage, and conventional tillage on the stoichiometric characteristics of soil C, N, P and microbial biomass C, N, P (MBC, MBN, MBP) in biocrusts from the black soil region of Northeast China. The results showed that the coverage of biocrusts under no tillage, minimum tillage, and conventional tillage was 31.8%, 40.5%, and 21.8%, respectively. In the 0-2 cm soil layer, total nitrogen content in biocrusts soils under no tillage and minimum tillage was three and two times of that in the control, respectively. MBC was significantly increased by 63.3% and 31.1%, and MBN was 6.1 and 6.9 times of that in the control, respectively. MBN under conventional tillage was twice of that in the control. Compared with conventional tillage, soil organic carbon content under minimum tillage was significantly increased by 26.6%, while under no tillage, soil total nitrogen content was 2.3 times of that under conventional tillage, and MBC was significantly increased by 48.7%. Additionally, MBN under no tillage and minimum tillage were 2.8 and 3.2 times of that under conventional tillage, respectively. Soil C/N ratios under conventional tillage, no tillage, and minimum tillage were decreased by 31.5%, 65.0%, and 43.7% compared with the control, respectively, while the MBC/MBN ratios were significantly decreased by 53.2%, 75.2%, and 82.6%, respectively. The N/P ratios under no tillage and minimum tillage were significantly increased by 197.3% and 86.6%, and the MBN/MBP ratios were 4 and 4.3 times of that in the control, respectively. Compared with conventional tillage, soil C/N ratio under no tillage was significantly decreased by 48.8%, while the C/P ratio under minimum tillage was significantly increased by 22.9%. Furthermore, the N/P ratios under no tillage and minimum tillage were significantly increased by 134.0% and 46.9%, and the MBN/MBP ratios were 2.3 and 2.5 times of that under conventional tillage, respectively. There were no significant differences in other indicators among the tillage treatments. Stoichiometric variations in the 2-5 cm soil layer were similar to those in the 0-2 cm layer. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium, mean weight diameter, and geometric mean diameter were key factors influencing the ecological stoichiometric of biocrusts soils. In conclusion, the development of biocrusts improved soil nutrient status. Compared with conventional tillage, the development of biocrusts was promoted and nutrients were further increased by the implementation of no tillage and minimum tillage. The results suggested that the contribution of biocrusts to nutrient cycles from the perspective of soil ecological stoichiometric characteristics, which would provide a theoretical basis for the management of soil fertility in the Northeast black soil region.

Key words: conservation tillage, biocrusts, black soil regions of Northeast China, ecological stoichiometric characteristic

李甜, 孙艳春, 武子涵, 包天莉. 不同耕作方式下东北黑土区农田生物结皮土壤生态化学计量特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(4): 1101-1110.

LI Tian, SUN Yanchun, WU Zihan, BAO Tianli. Soil ecological stoichiometry characteristics of biological soil crusts in the farmland of black soil regions of Northeast China under different tillage patterns[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(4): 1101-1110.

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