不同原料生物质炭输入对毛竹林土壤微生物养分限制状况的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202605.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用小区试验,设置20 t·hm^-2的猪粪炭、花生壳炭和玉米秸秆炭施用处理,以不施生物质炭为对照,分析不同原料生物质炭施用2年后土壤性质变化,探讨不同原料生物质炭输入对毛竹林土壤微生物养分限制状况及碳降解功能基因丰度的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,不同原料生物质炭均显著提高土壤pH、有机碳、全磷和有效磷含量;猪粪炭显著降低土壤碳磷比,缓解了土壤碳磷化学计量失衡。3种生物质炭均显著提高β-葡萄糖苷酶活性(提升幅度46.5%～131.1%),降低β-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性(20.6%～51.1%)和酸性磷酸酶活性(23.1%～56.4%),增强了微生物碳限制,降低了微生物磷限制和碳利用效率,其中猪粪炭处理降幅最大。生物质炭显著增加淀粉、半纤维素、纤维素、果胶和木质素降解功能基因丰度,提高幅度排序为猪粪炭>花生壳炭>玉米秸秆炭。随机森林分析表明,土壤总磷和有效磷含量是影响微生物碳限制的关键因子。偏最小二乘路径模型分析表明,生物质炭输入通过提高土壤pH和缓解微生物碳磷失衡,导致微生物碳限制加剧,进而降低了微生物碳利用效率,且微生物碳限制程度的加剧,对微生物碳降解功能基因丰度具有显著正向效应。综上,不同原料生物质炭可通过改变土壤pH和养分化学计量平衡,有效调控微生物养分限制状况,进而影响微生物碳代谢效率。

关键词: 生物质炭, 土壤酶活性, 化学计量平衡, 碳降解功能基因

Abstract: We conducted a field experiment to investigate the effects of biochar derived from three feedstocks (pig manure, peanut shell, and maize straw) on the nutrient limitation status of soil microbial communities and the abundance of functional genes involved in organic carbon degradation in a Phyllostachys edulis forest. Each biochar was applied at a rate of 20 t·hm^-2, with soil without biochar amendment as control. We measured soil and microbial properties after two years. The results showed that all biochar types significantly increased soil pH, soil organic carbon, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus contents. Pig manure biochar significantly reduced soil C:P and alleviated the stoichiometric imbalance between microbial biomass and soil resources. All biochar treatments significantly increased β-glucosidase activity (by 46.5%-131.1%) but decreased the activities of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (by 20.6%-51.1%) and acid phosphatase (by 23.1%-56.4%). Biochar application significantly intensified microbial carbon limitation while reduced phosphorus limitation and decreased microbial carbon use efficiency, with the most pronounced reduction being observed under pig manure biochar. Biochar application significantly increased the abundances of functional genes of starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, pectin and lignin degradation, following the order of pig manure biochar > peanut shell biochar > maize straw biochar. Random forest analysis indicated that soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents were the key factors influencing microbial carbon limitation. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) indicated that biochar inputs increased microbial carbon limitation by elevating soil pH and alleviating the C:P imbalance, which in turn reduced carbon use efficiency. The degree of microbial carbon limitation exhibited a significant positive effect on the abundance of micro-bial carbon degradation functional genes. In conclusion, biochar from different feedstocks could regulate microbial nutrient limitation by altering soil pH and nutrient stoichiometric balance, thereby affecting microbial carbon metabolic efficiency.

Key words: biochar, soil enzyme activity, stoichiometric balance, carbon-degrading functional gene

徐依婧, 孙璇, 陈勇, 郑旭理, 周燕, 马晓敏, 梁辰飞, 秦华, 陈俊辉. 不同原料生物质炭输入对毛竹林土壤微生物养分限制状况的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(5): 1477-1487.

XU Yijing, SUN Xuan, CHEN Yong, ZHENG Xuli, ZHOU Yan, MA Xiaomin, LIANG Chenfei, QIN Hua, CHEN Junhui. Effects of biochar derived from different feedstocks on soil microbial nutrient limitation in a Phyllostachys edulis forest.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(5): 1477-1487.

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