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应用生态学报 ›› 2000, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2): 124-127.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河三角洲湿地生态系统的形成及其保护

穆从如1, 杨林生1, 王景华1, 胡远满2, 林恒章3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理研究所, 北京100101;
    2. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳110015;
    3. 中国科学院遥感应用研究所, 北京100101
  • 收稿日期:1999-03-08 修回日期:1999-06-18 发布日期:2000-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 穆从如,女,62岁,研究员,从事化学地理与环境保护研究,发表论文40余篇,专著2部.
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(49631040)

Wetland ecosystems formation and its protection in Yellow River Delta

MU Congru1, YANG Linsheng1, WANG Jinghua1, HU Yuanman2, LIN Hengzhang3   

  1. 1. Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101;
    2. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengyang 110015;
    3. Institute of Remote Sensing Application, Chinese A cademy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
  • Received:1999-03-08 Revised:1999-06-18 Published:2000-03-25

摘要: 通过对黄河三角洲新生湿地的野外调查,利用TM陆地卫星影像图的判读,结合黄河尾闾变动的历史资料分析,结果表明,黄河三角洲新生湿地是多泥沙的黄河淤积和海岸蚀退所形成.受区域气候、地貌、地质沉积、土壤、植被的相互作用和互相影响,形成4.5×105hm2的湿地,其中有6.84×104hm2的人工湿地.湿地生态类型随着黄河尾闾摆动和海退陆进程度而变化,自海洋向陆地依次为潮下带水生生态系统潮间带湿地生态系统潮上带盐生生态系统芦苇獐茅湿地生态系统草甸湿地生态系统陆上农田生态系统.该系统资源丰富,共有野生动物1524种,鸟类300种,鱼类1040种.石油开发和近年来黄河断流对湿地产生一定影响,应在开发利用中加强管理和保护.

关键词: 黄河三角洲, 湿地生态系统, 管理和保护, 聚集强度, 野核桃, 分布格局, 取样尺度, 格局规模

Abstract: Site investigation,satellite photo analysis and historic material analysis show that the vast neonatal wetlands in Yellow River Delta were created by high concentration sediment of the river and the land-sea evolution.Affected by the regional climate,landform,geological deposition,soil,vegetation and their interactions,the wetlands covered 4.5×105hm2, 6.84 ×104hm2 of which were artificial wetlands.The wetland ecosystems changed with the waving of the Yellow River Mouth and the land development in the Delta area.From ocean to land,the sublittoral aquatic wetland,eulittoral wetland,eplittoral salt wetland,bulrush-quitch wetland,meadow wetland and land agroecosystem were developed.The wetland ecosystems had abundant biological resources,including 1524 wild animals,300 birds and 1040 fishes,which were changed recently by the oil development and affected by the interruption of Yellow River.Wetland protection should be strengthened in resources utilization.

Key words: Yellow River Delta, Wetland ecosystem, Management and Protection, aggregation intensity, distribution pattern, sampling scale, pattern size, Juglans cathayensis