[1] Baker PJ, Wilson JS. 2000. A quantitative technique for the identification of canopy stratification in tropical and temperate forest. For Ecol Man, 127: 77~86 [2] Bean A, Alperi RW, Federer CA. 1975. A method for categorizing shelterbelt porosity. Agric Meteorol, 14: 417~429 [3] Brian E, Potter RM, Teclaw JCZ. 2001. The impact of forest structure on near-ground temperatures during two years of contrasting temperatureextremes. Agric For Meteorol , 106:331~336 [4] Cao X-S (曹新孙). 1983. Farmland Shelterbelt. Beijing: China Forestry Press. (in Chinese) [5] Carborn JM. 1965. Shelterbelts and Microclimate. London: Faber and Faber Ltd. [6] Chen D-K(陈大珂),Zhou X-F(周晓峰),Zhu N(祝宁),et al.1994. Natural Secondary Forests, Structure, Dynamics and Management. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University Press. (in Chinese) [7] Chen JM, Black TA. 1991. Evaluation of hemispherical photography for determining plant area index and geometry of forest stand.Agric For Meteorol, 56: 129~143 [8] Fournier RA, Landry R, August NM, et al. 1996. Modelling lightob struction in three conifer forests using hemispherical photography and fine tree architecture. Agric For Meteorol, 82:47~72 [9] Guan W-B(关文彬),Li C-P(李春平),Li S-D(李世锋),et al. 2002. Improvement and application of digitized measure on shelterbelt porosity. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报) , 13(6): 651~657 (in Chinese) [10] Heisler GM, DeWalle DR. 1988. Effects of windbreak structure on wind flow. Agric Ecosys Environ, 22/23: 4 1~69 [11] Jennings SB, Brown ND, Shell D. 1999. Assessing forest canopies and understorey illumination: Canopy closure, canopy cover and other measures. Forestry, 72: 59~74 [12] Jiang F-Q(姜凤岐),Fu M-H(付梦华),Xu J Y(徐吉岩).1989. Estimating windbreak porosity using digitized photographic silhouettes. In: Xiang K-F(向开馥) ed. Protective Plantation in Northeast of China. Harerbin: Northeast Forestry University Press. 399~401 (in Chinese) [13] Jiang F-Q(姜凤岐),Zhou X-H(周新华),Fu M H(付梦华),et al. 1994. Shelterbelt porosity model and its application. Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),5(3):251~255(in Chinese) [14] Jiang F Q(姜凤岐),Zhu J-J(朱教君),Zhou X-H(周新华).1999. Model of continuous economic effects of shelterbelts or windbreaks and its applications Scivae Sin(林业科学),35(1): 16~21 (in Chinese) [15] Jiang F-Q(姜凤岐),Zhu J-J(朱教君),Zeng D-H(曾德慧),et al.2003. Management of Protective Forest Plantations. Beijing:China Forestry Press. (in Chinese) [16] Kenney WA. 1987. A method for estimating windbreak porosity using digitized photographic silhouettes. Agric For Meteorol, 39:91~94 [17] Latham PA, Zuuring HR, Covle DW. 1998. A method for quantifying vertical forest structure. For Ecol Man, 104: 157~170 [18] Loeffler AE, Gordon AM, Gillespie TJ. 1992. Optical porosity and windspeed reduction by coniferous windbreaks in Southern Ontario. Agrofor Sys, 17: 119~133 [19] Myers GP, Newton AC, Melgarejo O. 2000. The influence of canopy gap size on natural regeneration of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) in Bolvia. For Ecol Man, 127:119~128 [20] Patrick M, John G, Antonio CM. 2000. Photographic method to measure the vertical distribution of leaf area density in forests. Agric For Meteorol, 102: 105~11 1 [21] Saito T. 1996. Relationship between the profiles of wind velocity and gap fraction recorded by hemispherical photographs in a deciduous forest. J For Res Jpn For Soc, 78: 384~389 (in Japanese) [22] Steege H. 1994. Hemiphot, a programme to analyze vegetation indices, light and light quality from hemispherical photographs. The Tropenbos Foundation, Wageningen, The Netherlands. [23] Vales DJ, Bunnell FL. 1988. Comparison of methods for estimating forest overstory cover Ⅰ . Observer effects. Can J For Res, 18: 606~609 [24] Wang YS, Miller DR, Welles JM, et al. 1992. Spatial variability of canopy foliage in an Oak forest estimated with fisheye sensors. For Sci, 38: 854~865 [25] Yamamoto K. 2000. Estimation of the canopy-gap size using two photographs taken at different heights. Ecol Res, 12:203~208 [26] Zhu JJ, Matsuzaki T, Gonda Y, et al.2000. Estimation of optical stratification porosity (OSP) in a pine coastal forest with different thinning intensities using hemispherical photographic silhouettes. Bull Facu Agric Niigata Univ, 53(1): 55~70 [27] Zhu J-J(朱教君).2002a.A review on fundamental studies of secondary forest maagement.Chin J A Ecol(应用生态学报),13(12)1989~1694(in Chinese) [28] Zhu J-J(朱教君),Li F-Q(李凤芹),Matsuzaki T,et al.2002bInfluences of thinning on natural regeneration in a Pinus thunbergii coastalforest Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(11):1361~1367 (in Chinese) [29] Zhu JJ, Gonda Y, Matsuzaki T, et al. 2002c. Salt distribution in response to optical stratification porosity and relative windspeed in a coastal forest in Niigata, Japan. Agrofor Sys, 56(1): 73~85 [30] Zhu JJ, Matsuzaki T and Gonda Y. 2003. Optical stratification porosity as a measure of vertical canopy structure in a Japanese coastal forest. For Ecol Man, 173(1~3): 89~104 |