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应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1907-1914.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.032

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青岛近岸海域带鱼群体资源分布及其与环境因子的关系

赵艺丰1,3, 赵天亚1,3, 王鹏4, 张崇良1,3, 徐宾铎1,3, 薛莹1,2,3, 纪毓鹏1,3*   

  1. 1中国海洋大学水产学院, 山东青岛 266003;
    2青岛海洋科技中心海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东青岛 266237;
    3海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站, 山东青岛 266003;
    4青岛市海洋管理保障中心, 山东青岛 266000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-30 接受日期:2025-04-04 出版日期:2025-06-18 发布日期:2025-12-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: cherish@ouc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:赵艺丰, 男, 1999年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事渔业资源评估相关研究。E-mail: zhaoyf0632@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901204)

Distribution of Trichiurus japonicus resources in the coastal waters of Qingdao and its relationship with environmental factors

ZHAO Yifeng1,3, ZHAO Tianya1,3, WANG Peng4, ZHANG Chongliang1,3, XU Binduo1,3, XUE Ying1,2,3, JI Yupeng1,3*   

  1. 1College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China;
    2Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China;
    3Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China;
    4Qingdao Marine Management Support Center, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-01-30 Accepted:2025-04-04 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2025-12-18

摘要: 带鱼具有繁殖能力强、生长迅速等特点,是青岛重要的近海渔业捕捞对象,但有关青岛带鱼资源分布特征及其影响因素尚缺乏研究,不利于其资源的保护与利用。本研究根据2018—2022年夏秋季在青岛近岸海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,结合底层海水温度、底层海水盐度、水深、经度和纬度等环境和空间因子数据,分析了该海域带鱼资源的时空分布特征,应用随机森林模型分析带鱼资源分布与相关因子的关系。结果表明: 青岛近岸海域带鱼资源密度存在一定的年际变化,研究期间带鱼资源密度呈现下降-上升-下降的趋势。成鱼和幼鱼资源密度最高值(31.33和48.09 kg·km-2)均出现在2021年,最低值(7.96和8.69 kg·km-2)均出现在2022年,幼鱼平均资源密度占比总体呈现上升的趋势。青岛近岸海域带鱼资源分布存在一定的区域差异,集中分布在调查海域的西南部和东北部。幼鱼在调查海域东北部的湾区内每年均有分布但胶州湾内历年均无幼鱼分布。成鱼主要分布在调查海域的西南部和东北部湾区的外围海域。底层水温和底层盐度是影响幼鱼分布的主要影响因子,经度、水深和纬度是影响成鱼分布的主要影响因子。幼鱼的适宜水温范围为23~25.5 ℃,成鱼的适宜水温为23 ℃;幼鱼的最适盐度为30.5,成鱼的最适盐度为31.5;幼鱼和成鱼均分布在30 m以浅海域。

关键词: 带鱼, 空间分布, 影响因子, 随机森林模型, 青岛近岸

Abstract: Trichiurus japonicus, with strong reproductive capacity and rapid growth, is an important nearshore fishing target in Qingdao. The distribution characteristics of T. japonicus resources in Qingdao and their influencing factors are largely unknown, which is detrimental to the protection and utilization of these resources. Based on the bottom trawl survey data of fishery resources carried out in the coastal waters of Qingdao during the summer and autumn seasons from 2018 to 2022, in combination with the data of environmental and spatial factors such as bottom seawater temperature, bottom seawater salinity, water depth, longitude and latitude, we analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of T. japonicus resources in this sea area, and the relationship between the distribution of T. japonicus resources and related factors using the random forest model. There were interannual variations in the resource density of T. japonicus in the coastal waters of Qingdao. During the study period, the resource density of T. japonicus presented a trend of decline-rise-decline. The highest densities of both adult and juvenile resources (31.33 and 48.09 kg·km-2) appeared in 2021, while the lowest densities (7.96 and 8.69 kg·km-2) occurred in 2022. The average proportion of juvenile resource density generally exhibited an upward trend. The distribution of T. japonicus resources in the coastal waters of Qingdao exhibited certain regional disparities and was concentrated in the southwestern and northeastern area of the surveyed sea. Juveniles were distributed each year within the bay area in the northeastern area of the surveyed sea, and no juveniles were found in Jiaozhou Bay over the years. Adults were mainly distributed in the peripheral waters of the bays in the southwestern and northeastern area of the surveyed sea. Bottom water temperature and bottom salinity were the main factors influencing the distribution of juveniles, while longitude, depth, and latitude were the main influencing factors of adults. The suitable water temperature range for juveniles was 23-25.5 ℃, with 23 ℃ for adults. The optimal salinity for juveniles was 30.5, with 31.5 for adults. Both juvenile and adult were distributed in shallow waters within 30 meters.

Key words: Trichiurus japonicus, spatial distribution, impact factor, random forest model, Qingdao nearshore