不同类型生物质炭对稻田土壤磷素和胞外酶化学计量特征的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202602.012

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 511-520.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202602.012

不同类型生物质炭对稻田土壤磷素和胞外酶化学计量特征的影响

范晓鸽¹, 张瑞卿², 刘文波^1*, 方俊³, 崔鑫¹, 柴彦君¹, 张敏¹, 单胜道¹

¹浙江科技大学环境与资源学院/浙江省废弃生物质循环利用与生态处理技术重点实验室, 杭州 310023;
²洛阳市瀍河回族区乡村振兴监测中心, 河南洛阳 471000;
³衢州市衢江区农业技术推广中心, 浙江衢州 324022

收稿日期:2025-04-22 接受日期:2025-12-26 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2026-08-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: wbliu@zust.edu.cn
作者简介:范晓鸽, 女, 2000年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事废弃生物质循环利用与土壤健康培育研究。E-mail: 222310857001@zust.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0196000)、国家自然科学基金项目(42207350)和浙江省自然科学基金青年基金项目(LQ23D030003)

Effects of different types of biochar on phosphorus and stoichiometric characteristics of extracellular enzymes in paddy soil

FAN Xiaoge¹, ZHANG Ruiqing², LIU Wenbo^1*, FANG Jun³, CUI Xin¹, CHAI Yanjun¹, ZHANG Min¹, SHAN Shengdao¹

¹School of Environment and Natural Resources/Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
²Luoyang City Chanhe Hui District Rural Revitalization Monitoring Center, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China;
³Quzhou Qujiang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Quzhou 324022, Zhejiang, China

Received:2025-04-22 Accepted:2025-12-26 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2026-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究不同类型生物质炭施用下稻田土壤中磷素和胞外酶化学计量特征,可提升稻田磷肥管理水平与土壤养分利用效率。本研究以生物质炭为材料进行为期两年的田间定位试验,设置:不施肥(CK)、施用化肥(NPK)、化肥基础上增施易腐垃圾生物质炭(WB)、水稻秸秆生物质炭(SB)和猪粪生物质炭(MB)处理,结合酶学向量分析方法,探讨不同生物质炭对稻田土壤磷素有效性和微生物获取碳、氮、磷相关酶活性的影响。结果表明: 与CK相比,两年内NPK处理的全磷和速效磷含量分别增加39.8%～73.1%和128.5%～131.0%,作物产量增加27.0%～33.9%。与NPK处理相比,3种生物质炭处理两年均提高了土壤全磷含量,提升幅度为MB>WB>SB,其中MB处理分别显著增加108.8%和156.0%;MB处理还显著提升了土壤有效磷含量和磷活化能力,增幅分别为297.1%～388.4%和53.3%～143.1%,水稻产量和磷肥偏生产力两年均平均提高12.1%。与NPK处理相比,施用生物质炭提高了β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、N-乙酰-β-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)活性,两年分别增加43.9%～90.4%、15.7%～77.6%和84.5%～173.4%;但抑制了碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,降幅41.8%～54.9%。生物质炭处理的土壤酶碳磷计量比均显著高于NPK处理,而碳氮计量比低于NPK处理,生物质炭施用有效缓解了微生物磷限制,但会受到氮限制。相关分析表明,土壤总磷和有效磷含量均与BG、LAP活性,水稻产量及磷肥偏生产力呈显著正相关,与ALP活性呈显著负相关。综上,生物质炭的施用会增强土壤磷素有效性并优化胞外酶活性,缓解土壤微生物对磷的限制,提高水稻产量,其中MB处理的表现最佳。

关键词: 磷素, 生物质炭, 胞外酶, 酶化学计量比, 磷限制

Abstract: Understanding the stoichiometric characteristics of phosphorus and extracellular enzyme activity in paddy soil under the application of different types of biochar can improve phosphorus management and nutrient utilization efficiency. A two-year field experiment was conducted with treatments including no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), and biochar amendments based on NPK: perishable organic waste biochar (WB), rice straw biochar (SB), and pig manure biochar (MB). Combined with enzyme vector analysis, we explored the effects of different biochar types on soil phosphorus availability and microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus-related enzyme activities. Results showed that the NPK treatment increased total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and crop yield by 39.8%-73.1%, 128.5%-131.0%, and 27.0%-33.9%, respectively. Compared to NPK, all three biochar treatments consistently elevated soil total phosphorus, with MB>WB>SB, where MB significantly increased by 108.8% and 156.0%. The MB treatment enhanced soil available phosphorus and phosphorus activation capacity by 297.1%-388.4% and 53.3%-143.1%, respectively, leading to average annual improvements of 12.1% in rice yield and phosphorus use efficiency. Biochar application boosted β-glucosidase (BG), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activities by 43.9%-90.4%, 15.7%-77.6%, and 84.5%-173.4%, respectively, but inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity by 41.8%-54.9%. Soil enzyme carbon-phosphorus ratios in biochar treatments were significantly higher than in NPK, while carbon-nitrogen ratios were lower. Biochar application effectively alleviated microbial phosphorus limitation and may have shifted to nitrogen limitation. There were significant positive associations between soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus with BG, LAP activity, rice yield, and phosphorus use efficiency, but negative associations with ALP activity. In summary, biochar application enhances soil phosphorus availability and extracellular enzyme activity, mitigated microbial phosphorus limitation, an increased rice yield. The MB performed the best.

Key words: phosphorus, biochar, extracellular enzyme, enzyme stoichiometry, phosphorus limitation

范晓鸽, 张瑞卿, 刘文波, 方俊, 崔鑫, 柴彦君, 张敏, 单胜道. 不同类型生物质炭对稻田土壤磷素和胞外酶化学计量特征的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(2): 511-520.

FAN Xiaoge, ZHANG Ruiqing, LIU Wenbo, FANG Jun, CUI Xin, CHAI Yanjun, ZHANG Min, SHAN Shengdao. Effects of different types of biochar on phosphorus and stoichiometric characteristics of extracellular enzymes in paddy soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(2): 511-520.

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不同类型生物质炭对稻田土壤磷素和胞外酶化学计量特征的影响

Effects of different types of biochar on phosphorus and stoichiometric characteristics of extracellular enzymes in paddy soil

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