山东省南四湖夏秋季大型底栖动物β多样性格局及其驱动因素

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为深入了解山东省南四湖大型底栖动物群落的多样性格局及其驱动机制,本研究湖区设置10个站位于2024年7月和11月进行底栖生物调查,采用Baselga方法分析了大型底栖动物群落β多样性及其周转和嵌套组分,通过Mantel分析多环境因子和站位空间距离以揭示环境过滤和扩散限制对大型底栖动物群落β多样性格局形成和维持的作用,应用Legendre方法分析了站位和物种对β多样性的贡献。结果表明:南四湖大型底栖动物群落夏季整体的β多样性(0.88)高于秋季(0.83),周转组分对β多样性的贡献比例均高于嵌套组分,两季的贡献率分别为94.3%和89.2%。各站位周转组分对β多样性的贡献比例也高于嵌套组分。偏Mantel检验显示,南四湖夏季大型底栖动物群落β多样性与环境因子和站位空间距离无显著相关性,而秋季与站位空间距离呈显著正相关,表明扩散限制对秋季β多样性格局形成具有重要驱动作用。Legendre方法分析表明,站位S1、S9和S10对两季β多样性指数的贡献均较大;夏季大型底栖动物β多样性主要由前突摇蚊属一种、环棱螺属一种、多足摇蚊属一种和小摇蚊属一种等关键物种贡献,秋季前突摇蚊属一种、长角涵螺和雕翅摇蚊属一种等为主要贡献关键物种。冗余分析结果表明,总磷、透明度和高锰酸盐指数是影响南四湖夏季大型底栖动物关键物种丰度的主要环境因子,而电导率和溶解氧是影响秋季关键物种丰度的重要指标。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, β多样性, 季节变化, 驱动因素, 南四湖

Abstract: To gain a deeper understanding of the diversity and driving mechanisms of macrobenthic communities in Nansi Lake of Shandong Province, we conducted benthic surveys at 10 sampling sites in July and November 2024. We analyzed the β-diversity of macrobenthic communities and its turnover and nestedness components by using the Baselga method. We further explored the effects of multiple environmental factors and spatial distance among sites by Mantel analysis to reveal the roles of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation in driving β-diversity patterns of macrobenthic communities, and analyzed the contributions of sampling sites and species to β-diversity by the Legendre method. The results showed that the overall β-diversity of macrobenthic communities in Nansi Lake was higher in summer (0.88) than in autumn (0.83). Turnover components contributed more to β-diversity than nestedness components in both seasons, accounting for 94.3% and 89.2% of the total β-diversity, respectively. At the station level, the turnover component generally contributed more to β-diversity than the nestedness component. The partial Mantel test revealed that β-diversity in summer showed no significant correlation with environmental factors and spatial distance, while that in autumn was significantly positively correlated with spatial distance, indicating that dispersal limitation played an important role in shaping autumn β-diversity patterns. Legendre analysis indicated that sampling sites S1, S9, and S10 contributed significantly to β-diversity indices in both seasons. In summer, β-diversity was mainly driven by key species, including Procladius sp., Bellamya sp., Polypedilum sp., and Microchironomus sp., while in autumn, the contributions of Procladius sp., Alocinma longicornis, and Glyptotendipes sp. were more prominent. Redundancy analysis showed that key species abundance was mainly influenced by total phosphorus, transparency and permanganate index in summer, and that conductivity and dissolved oxygen were the main environmental factors affecting key species abundance in autumn.

Key words: macrobenthos, beta diversity, seasonal change, driving factor, Nansi Lake

李栋, 梁斐斐, 牛淼, 张秀敏, 孔舒, 陈琳琳, 陈静, 王娇. 山东省南四湖夏秋季大型底栖动物β多样性格局及其驱动因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(6): 2061-2071.

LI Dong, LIANG Feifei, NIU Miao, ZHANG Xiumin, KONG Shu, CHEN Linlin, CHEN Jing, WANG Jiao. Beta diversity patterns and driving factors of macrobenthos in summer and autumn in Nansi Lake of Shandong Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(6): 2061-2071.

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