黑土区农田藻藓两类结皮发育对土壤团聚体稳定性和击溅侵蚀的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202304.018

应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 892-902.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202304.018

• 黑土地保护与农业可持续发展专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

黑土区农田藻藓两类结皮发育对土壤团聚体稳定性和击溅侵蚀的影响

曹尤淞^1,2,3,4, 张晨晖², 肖波^1,2,3*, 孙福海²

¹中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院, 农业农村部华北耕地保育重点实验室, 北京 100193;
³中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
⁴中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2023-02-08 接受日期:2023-03-07 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-10-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: xiaobo@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:曹尤淞, 男, 1998年生, 博士研究生。主要从事土壤物理与水土保持研究。E-mail: caoyousong22@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42077010)和中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划项目(2019)

Effects of cyanobacteria- and moss-biocrusts on soil aggregate stability and splash erosion in croplands of the China Mollisols area

CAO Yousong^1,2,3,4, ZHANG Chenhui², XIAO Bo^1,2,3*, SUN Fuhai²

¹Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
³State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2023-02-08 Accepted:2023-03-07 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-10-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明农田生物结皮发育对黑土团聚体稳定性和击溅侵蚀的影响及其水土保持功能,于作物生长季采集农田藻、藓生物结皮样品,比较了生物结皮与无结皮土壤的团聚体稳定性差异,测定了生物结皮对雨滴动能的削减作用及其单雨滴和模拟降雨溅蚀量,并分析了土壤团聚体稳定性和溅蚀特征与生物结皮基本性质的相关性。结果表明: 藻、藓结皮中<0.25 mm团聚体的比例比无结皮分别减少了10.5%和21.8%,但5～10 mm团聚体的比例分别为无结皮的4.0和8.8倍;生物结皮的大团聚体含量、平均重量直径和几何平均直径比无结皮分别提高了31.5%、76.2%和33.5%。与无结皮相比,生物结皮使雨滴动能平均削减了0.48 J;藻、藓结皮的击穿雨滴动能分别为无结皮的2.9和26.2倍,高生物量藻结皮削减的雨滴动能为中、低生物量藻结皮的1.3和6.6倍。在单雨滴击溅和模拟降雨条件下,生物结皮使溅蚀量分别减少了47.5%和79.4%;生物结皮溅蚀颗粒中>0.25 mm大团聚体占比为37.9%,比无结皮减少了40.3%,并随结皮生物量的增加而减少。土壤团聚体稳定性、溅蚀量和生物结皮基本性质三者具有显著相关性,其中,团聚体平均重量直径与单雨滴和模拟降雨溅蚀量呈极显著负相关,表明生物结皮提高团聚体稳定性是其减少溅蚀的原因之一;生物结皮的生物量、厚度、含水率和有机质含量等也对团聚体稳定性和溅蚀特征有显著影响。综上,黑土区农田生物结皮能显著提高土壤团聚体稳定性并减少击溅侵蚀,对农田土壤侵蚀防治和黑土地保护与可持续利用具有重要意义。

关键词: 保护性耕作, 单雨滴击溅, 模拟降雨, 水土流失, 土壤侵蚀, 黑土区

Abstract: To investigate the effects of biocrusts development on aggregate stability and splash erosion of Mollisols and to understand its function in soil and water conservation, we collected biocrusts (cyano crust and moss crust) samples in croplands during the growing season and measured the differences in aggregate stability between biocrusts and uncrusted soil. The effects of biocrusts on reduction of raindrop kinetic energy were determined and splash erosion amounts were obtained with single raindrop and simulated rainfall experiments. The correlations among soil aggregate stability, splash erosion characteristics, and fundamental properties of biocrusts were analyzed. The results showed that compared to uncrusted soil, the cyano crust and the moss crust decreased the proportion of soil water-stable aggregates <0.25 mm by 10.5% and 21.8%, respectively, while their soil water-stable aggregates 5-10 mm were 4.0 and 8.8 times as that of uncrusted soil. In contrast to uncrusted soil, the macroaggregate content (R_0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of biocrusts were 31.5%, 76.2%, and 33.5% higher, respectively. In addition, biocrusts reduced raindrop kinetic energy by an average of 0.48 J compared to uncrusted soil. The breakthrough raindrop kinetic energy of cyano crust and moss crust were 2.9 and 26.2 times as that of uncrusted soil, while the reduction of raindrop kinetic energy by cyano crust with high biomass was 1.3 and 6.6 times as that of medium and low biomass, respectively. Under the single raindrop and simulated rainfall conditions, biocrusts reduced splash erosion amounts by 47.5% and 79.4%, respectively. The proportion of aggregates >0.25 mm in the splash soil particles of biocrusts (37.9%) was 40.3% lower than that of uncrusted soil, while the proportion of aggregates >0.25 mm decreased as biocrust biomass increased. Moreover, the aggregate stability, splash erosion amount, and fundamental properties of biocrusts were significantly correlated. The MWD of aggregates was significantly and negatively correlated with the splash erosion amount under single raindrop and simulated rainfall conditions, indicating that the improved aggregate stability of surface soil caused by biocrusts accounted for reducing splash erosion. The biomass, thickness, water content, and organic matter content of biocrusts had significant effects on aggregate stability and splash characteristics. In conclusion, biocrusts significantly promoted soil aggregate stability and reduced splash erosion, which had great significance to soil erosion prevention and the conservation and sustainable utilization of Mollisols.

Key words: conservation tillage, single raindrop splash, simulated rainfall, soil and water loss, soil erosion, Mollisols Region

曹尤淞, 张晨晖, 肖波, 孙福海. 黑土区农田藻藓两类结皮发育对土壤团聚体稳定性和击溅侵蚀的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 892-902.

CAO Yousong, ZHANG Chenhui, XIAO Bo, SUN Fuhai. Effects of cyanobacteria- and moss-biocrusts on soil aggregate stability and splash erosion in croplands of the China Mollisols area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(4): 892-902.

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黑土区农田藻藓两类结皮发育对土壤团聚体稳定性和击溅侵蚀的影响

Effects of cyanobacteria- and moss-biocrusts on soil aggregate stability and splash erosion in croplands of the China Mollisols area

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