东北地区大豆根瘤菌的多样性及应用

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202407.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物固氮是生态系统氮素的主要来源,而土壤根瘤菌的多样性及其在大豆上的应用效果还需深入研究。本研究采集了东北黑土大豆种植区8个样点的大豆土壤根瘤样本,共分离出94株菌,经16S rRNA及共生基因(nodC、nifH)分析鉴定,其中70株为根瘤菌,且均属于慢生根瘤菌属。为进一步验证根瘤菌的应用效果,根据系统发育分析结果挑选了7株代表性土著根瘤菌,基于实验室条件开展了菌株与大豆结瘤及促生能力测定试验。结果表明: 与不接种根瘤菌的对照相比,7株土著根瘤菌都具有较好的促生及结瘤能力,其中,菌株H7-L22和H34-L6的表现尤为突出,前者处理的大豆株高显著提高了25.7%,后者处理的大豆根瘤干重比其他土著根瘤菌处理高20.9%～67.1%。选取这两株高效根瘤菌进一步开展大豆根瘤菌接种田间试验,发现接种混合根瘤菌剂的促生效果显著优于单一接种处理,与不接种对照相比,H7-L22处理的大豆增产8.4%,而混合菌剂处理的大豆产量增加了17.9%,同时大豆的四粒荚数也显著提升。综上,根瘤菌菌剂的应用能够显著提升大豆产量,从而减少大豆生产过程中对氮肥的依赖,有助于提升土壤健康水平,促进东北黑土地区农业的绿色发展。

关键词: 大豆, 慢生根瘤菌, 系统发育分析, 根瘤菌接种剂, 农业绿色发展

Abstract: Biological nitrogen fixation is the main source of nitrogen in ecosystems. The diversity of soil rhizobia and their effects on soybeans need further research. In this study, we collected soybean rhizosphere samples from eight sites in the black soil soybean planting area in Northeast China. A total of 94 strains of bacteria were isolated and identified using the 16S rRNA and symbiotic genes (nodC, nifH) analysis, of which 70 strains were identified as rhizobia belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium. To further validate the application effects of rhizobia, we selec-ted seven representative indigenous rhizobia based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, and conducted laboratory experiments to determine their nodulation and the impacts on soybeans. The results showed that, compared to the control without rhizobial inoculation, all the seven indigenous rhizobia exhibited good promoting and nodulation abilities. Among them, strains H7-L22 and H34-L6 performed the best, with the former significantly increasing plant height by 25.7% and the latter increasing root nodule dry weight by 20.9% to 67.1% compared to other indi-genous rhizobia treatments. We tested these two efficient rhizobia strains as soybean rhizobial inoculants in field experiments. The promoting effect of mixed rhizobial inoculants was significantly better than single ones. Compared to the control without inoculation, soybean yield increased by 8.4% with the strain H7-L22 treatment and by 17.9% with the mixed inoculant treatment. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the number of four-seed pods in soybeans. In conclusion, the application of rhizobial inoculants can significantly increase soybean yield, thereby reducing dependence on nitrogen fertilizer during soybean production, improving soil health, and promoting green development in agriculture in the black soil region of Northeast China.

Key words: soybean, Bradyrhizobium, phylogenetic analysis, rhizobia inoculant, green development of agriculture

田佳鑫, 刘四义, 王文富, 郑峰, 韩丽丽, 张丽梅. 东北地区大豆根瘤菌的多样性及应用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(7): 1850-1858.

TIAN Jiaxin, LIU Siyi, WANG Wenfu, ZHENG Feng, HAN Lili, ZHANG Limei. Diversity of soybean rhizobia in Northeast China and their application[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(7): 1850-1858.

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