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应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 2669-2676.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.014

• 多因子障碍粮田产能提升专栏(专栏策划: 孙志梅、黄少辉、张俊华) • 上一篇    下一篇

冀中地区高产玉米主要农艺性状特征

纪萌1,2, 李长青1,2, 史佳鑫1,2, 熊恩江1,2, 孙梦宇1,2, 许华森1, 孙志梅1*   

  1. 1河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 河北保定 071000;
    2河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-20 接受日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2026-04-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: sunzhm2002@163.com
  • 作者简介:纪萌,女,1999年生,硕士研究生。主要从事养分资源高效管理和植物营养调控研究。E-mail:jimeng0125@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901004)

Main agronomic traits of high-yield maize in the central Hebei Province

JI Meng1,2, LI Changqing1,2, SHI Jiaxin1,2, XIONG Enjiang1,2, SUN Mengyu1,2, XU Huasen1, SUN Zhimei1*   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China;
    2Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-logy and Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2025-01-20 Accepted:2025-07-10 Online:2025-09-18 Published:2026-04-18

摘要: 探究高产玉米的主要农艺性状特征,可以为高产玉米品种选择及新品种选育提供科学依据。本研究以冀中玉米主产区76个玉米品种为供试材料进行田间试验,于玉米收获期测定株高、茎粗、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数、百粒重、秃尖长及产量,采用特征值分析、相关性分析和边界线分析法明确高产玉米主要农艺性状特征。结果表明: 1)76个玉米品种农艺性状及产量均存在显著的基因型差异,最高产量与最低产量之差达6133.2 kg·hm-2,变异系数为12.9%。2)相关性分析表明,穗长、穗粗、行粒数、穗粒数、百粒重、株高和穗位高7个指标彼此显著相关并均与产量呈显著正相关关系。3)边界线分析显示,该7个农艺性状指标与边界产量均呈抛物线关系,对产量的贡献率大小表现为穗粒数>百粒重>行粒数>穗长>穗位高>穗粗>株高。以13000 kg·hm-2为目标产量,7个农艺性状指标的适宜范围为:穗长16.7~18.4 cm,穗粗3.7~4.8 cm,行粒数29.7~38.1,穗粒数542.9~683.0,百粒重32.9~43.5 g,株高242.4~320.7 cm,穗位高81.3~120.4 cm。在进行冀中地区高产玉米品种筛选及育种时,应重点关注这7个农艺性状,特别是穗粒数和百粒重。

关键词: 玉米品种, 产量, 农艺性状, 相关性分析, 边界线分析

Abstract: Exploring the main agronomic traits of high-yield maize can provide scientific basis for the selection of high-yield maize varieties and the breeding of new varieties. We conducted a field experiment with 76 maize varieties in the main maize production area of central Hebei Province. During the maize harvest period, we measured plant height, stem diameter, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, grains per row, grains per ear, 100-grain weight, bald tip length, and yield. Those main agronomic traits were further analyzed with eigenvalue analysis, correlation analysis, and boundary line analysis. The results were as follows: 1) There were significant genotype differences in agronomic traits and yield among the 76 examined maize varieties. There was a difference of 6133.2 kg·hm-2 between the highest and lowest yields, with a variation coefficient of 12.9%. 2) Seven variables, including ear length, ear diameter, grains per row, grains per ear, 100-grain weight, plant height, and ear height, were significantly correlated with each other. All the variables showed a significant positive correlation with yield. 3) Boundary line analysis showed that these seven agronomic traits had a parabolic relationship with boundary yield, and their contribution to yield was in the order of grains per ear>100-grain weight>grains per row>ear length>ear height>ear diameter>plant height. The suitable range for agronomic traits with a target yield of 13000 kg·hm-2 was as follows: ear length of 16.7-18.4 cm, ear diameter of 3.7-4.8 cm, grains per row of 29.7-38.1, grains per ear of 542.9-683.0, 100-grain weight of 32.9-43.5 g, plant height of 242.4-320.7 cm, and ear height of 81.3-120.4 cm. When screening and breeding high-yield maize varieties in the central Hebei Province, special attention should be paid to these seven agronomic traits, especially grains per ear and 100-grain weight.

Key words: maize variety, yield, agronomic trait, correlation analysis, boundary line analysis