长期氮添加下小叶章叶片表型可塑性与整合度的适应性特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202608.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究基于三江平原湿地原位生态定位研究站的氮添加长期试验,以优势物种小叶章为对象,设置对照(0 g N·m^-2·a^-1)、低氮(4 g N·m^-2·a^-1)、高氮(8 g N·m^-2·a^-1)3个处理水平,在连续氮添加14年后,测定小叶章的叶片光合生理、形态结构及生态化学计量特征,分析长期氮输入下小叶章功能性状的响应规律与适应策略。结果表明:小叶章14种叶片功能性状对长期氮添加的响应不同。低氮处理下,叶片氮含量、比叶面积和净光合速率较对照分别显著提高199.9%、45.7%和27.1%,表现为“高投入-高产出”的高效获取型策略。高氮处理下,叶片氮含量和比叶面积较对照显著增加,而净光合速率较低氮处理显著下降,且光合氮利用效率较对照下降76.8%,表现为“投入与产出失衡”的低效获取型策略。叶片功能性状变化表明,长期氮添加驱动小叶章资源利用策略由保守型向获取型转变。低氮与高氮处理下小叶章叶片表型可塑性整体上无显著差异,但14种功能性状的响应幅度各异:叶片氮含量与叶片氮磷比的可塑性最强,且低氮处理下净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光合氮利用效率、水分利用效率可塑性更高。高氮处理下表型整合度显著高于低氮处理,叶片功能性状间的关联更为紧密。表型可塑性与表型整合度之间无显著相关性,二者作为相对独立的适应维度,分别在资源优化利用与环境胁迫应对中发挥作用。

关键词: 氮添加, 小叶章, 叶功能性状, 表型可塑性, 适应策略

Abstract: Based on a long-term nitrogen (N) addition experiment in the Sanjiang Plain wetland, we measured leaf photosynthetic physiology, morphological structure, and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of the dominant species Calamagrostis angustifolia among three treatments: control (0 g N·m^-2·a^-1), low N (4 g N·m^-2·a^-1), and high N (8 g N·m^-2·a^-1). We elucidated the response patterns and adaptive strategies of its functional traits after 14 years chronic N inputs. The results showed that 14 leaf functional traits responded differently to long-term N addition. Under the low N treatment, leaf nitrogen content, specific leaf area (SLA), and net photosynthetic rate increased significantly by 199.9%, 45.7%, and 27.1%, respectively, indicating an efficient acquisitive strategy of “high-investment and high-return”. Under the high N treatment, leaf nitrogen content and SLA significantly increased relative to the control, whereas the net photosynthetic rate decreased significantly compared to the low N treatment, and photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) dropped by 76.8% compared with the control, indicating an inefficient acquisitive strategy of “investment-return imbalance”. These changes in leaf functional traits indicated that long-term N addition drove a shift in resource-use strategy of C. angustifolia from conservative to acquisitive. There was no difference in overall phenotypic plasticity between the low and high N treatments, but the response magnitudes of the 14 functional traits varied. Leaf nitrogen content and leaf N:P exhibited the strongest plasticity. The plasticity of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, PNUE, and water use efficiency (WUE) was higher under the low N treatment. Phenotypic integration under high N treatment was significantly higher than under the low N treatment, with tighter correlations among leaf functional traits. Phenotypic plasticity and phenotypic integration showed no correlation, suggesting that they acted as relatively independent dimensions, playing roles in optimizing resource utilization and coping with environmental stress, respectively.

Key words: nitrogen addition, Calamagrostis angustifolia, leaf functional trait, phenotypic plasticity, adaptive strategy

陈明忆, 崔昭东, 王建羽, 武文宇, 马雨桐, 梁佳文, 倪红伟, 钟海秀. 长期氮添加下小叶章叶片表型可塑性与整合度的适应性特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(8): 2595-2604.

CHEN Mingyi, CUI Zhaodong, WANG Jianyu, WU Wenyu, MA Yutong, LIANG Jiawen, NI Hongwei, ZHONG Haixiu. Adaptive characteristics of leaf phenotypic plasticity and integration in Calamagrostis angustifolia under long-term nitrogen addition[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(8): 2595-2604.

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